#list name reference description total probes expected actual enrichment bin prob analysis_name reproduction GO:0000003 The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism. 649 1.6042912938152 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of DNA recombination GO:0000018 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a process by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 very-long-chain fatty acid metabolic process GO:0000038 The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of C18 or greater. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transition metal ion transport GO:0000041 The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of, within or between cells. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver. 66 0.163148267167647 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 autophagic vacuole formation GO:0000045 The formation of a double membrane-bound structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 urea cycle GO:0000050 A cyclic metabolic pathway that converts waste nitrogen in the form of ammonium to urea. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 urea cycle intermediate metabolic process GO:0000051 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the intermediate compounds involved in the urea cycle, a cyclic metabolic pathway that converts waste nitrogen in the form of ammonium to urea. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein import into nucleus, docking GO:0000059 The aggregation and bonding together of the nuclear localization signal of a protein with nuclear envelope proteins such as importins. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein import into nucleus, translocation GO:0000060 The vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 40 0.098877737677362 1 10.1135 0.094257427418219 C02D.profile.d50 mitotic sister chromatid segregation GO:0000070 The cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of progression through cell cycle GO:0000074 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. 875 2.16295051169229 1 0.462331428571429 0.88532213682955 C02D.profile.d50 cell cycle checkpoint GO:0000075 A point in the eukaryotic cell cycle where progress through the cycle can be halted until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. 112 0.276857665496613 1 3.61196428571429 0.242097415964809 C02D.profile.d50 DNA damage checkpoint GO:0000077 A signal transduction pathway, induced by DNA damage, that blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slows the rate at which S phase proceeds. 57 0.140900776190241 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity GO:0000079 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity. 65 0.160676323725713 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle GO:0000080 Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GO:0000082 Progression from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 S phase of mitotic cell cycle GO:0000084 Progression through S phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle GO:0000085 Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle GO:0000086 Progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 M phase of mitotic cell cycle GO:0000087 Progression through M phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. 290 0.716863598160874 1 1.39496551724138 0.512151847344397 C02D.profile.d50 sulfur amino acid metabolic process GO:0000096 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process GO:0000097 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0000122 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. 201 0.496860631828744 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay) GO:0000160 A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 MAPKKK cascade GO:0000165 Cascade of at least three protein kinase activities culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. MAPKKK cascades lie downstream of numerous signaling pathways. 229 0.566075048202897 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay GO:0000184 The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNAs transcribed from genes in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activation of MAPKK activity GO:0000186 The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase by phosphorylation by a MAPKKK. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activation of MAPK activity GO:0000187 The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase by phosphorylation by a MAPKK. 68 0.168092154051515 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 inactivation of MAPK activity GO:0000188 Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein polyubiquitination GO:0000209 Addition of multiple ubiquitin moieties to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0000226 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. 101 0.249666287635339 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 spliceosome assembly GO:0000245 The aggregation and bonding together of the spliceosome, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions. 59 0.145844663074109 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidoglycan metabolic process GO:0000270 The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 polysaccharide biosynthetic process GO:0000271 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 polysaccharide catabolic process GO:0000272 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitotic cell cycle GO:0000278 Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy; comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M. 421 1.04068818905423 1 0.960902612826603 0.647243257339629 C02D.profile.d50 M phase GO:0000279 Progression through M phase, the part of the cell cycle comprising nuclear division and cytokinesis. 375 0.926978790725268 1 1.07877333333333 0.604706361601478 C02D.profile.d50 response to reactive oxygen species GO:0000302 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions GO:0000375 Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions. 117 0.289217382706284 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile GO:0000377 Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure. 117 0.289217382706284 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis GO:0000387 The formation and assembly from one or more snRNA and multiple protein components of a ribonucleoprotein complex that in involved in formation of the spliceosome. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome GO:0000398 The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of nuclear messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced. 117 0.289217382706284 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic axis specification GO:0000578 Axis specification in the embryo. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 telomere maintenance GO:0000723 The maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by processes that affect and monitor the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. These processes includes those that shorten and lengthen the telomeric DNA sequences. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 double-strand break repair via homologous recombination GO:0000724 The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 recombinational repair GO:0000725 The repair of damaged DNA that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 non-recombinational repair GO:0000726 The repair of damaged DNA that does not require the exchange of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA. 15 0.0370791516290107 1 26.9693333333333 0.0364443706720598 C02D.profile.d50 sister chromatid segregation GO:0000819 The process by which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell morphogenesis GO:0000902 Any process that modulates the mass, volume, or shape of a cell. 668 1.65125821921194 1 0.60559880239521 0.808583289533728 C02D.profile.d50 cellular morphogenesis during differentiation GO:0000904 The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. 214 0.528995896573886 1 1.8903738317757 0.411189453587197 C02D.profile.d50 cytokinesis GO:0000910 A cellular process resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis usually occurs after growth, replication, and segregation of cellular components. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 skeletal development GO:0001501 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). 327 0.808325505512434 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cartilage condensation GO:0001502 The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ossification GO:0001503 The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. 141 0.348544025312701 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurotransmitter uptake GO:0001504 The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. It does not occur during cholinergic synaptic transmission. Instead, acetylcholine is enzymatically degraded in the synaptic cleft. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of neurotransmitter levels GO:0001505 Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter. 116 0.28674543926435 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of action potential GO:0001508 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. 60 0.148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 selenocysteine incorporation GO:0001514 The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation, it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 prostaglandin biosynthetic process GO:0001516 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 retinoid metabolic process GO:0001523 The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 angiogenesis GO:0001525 Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. 212 0.524052009690018 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ciliary or flagellar motility GO:0001539 Locomotion due to movement of cilia or flagella. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ovarian follicle development GO:0001541 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ovulation (sensu Mammalia) GO:0001542 The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte. As in, but not restricted to, mammals (Mammalia, ncbi_taxonomy_id:40674). 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell growth GO:0001558 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth. 207 0.511692292480348 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 blood vessel development GO:0001568 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. 283 0.699559994067336 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 patterning of blood vessels GO:0001569 The process that regulates the coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vasculogenesis GO:0001570 The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ganglioside metabolic process GO:0001573 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 microtubule bundle formation GO:0001578 A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 osteoblast differentiation GO:0001649 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, the mesodermal cell that gives rise to bone. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 eye development GO:0001654 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 urogenital system development GO:0001655 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 59 0.145844663074109 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 metanephros development GO:0001656 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus which develops into the kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ureteric bud development GO:0001657 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ureteric bud branching GO:0001658 Branching of the ureteric bud. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 thermoregulation GO:0001659 A homeostatic process by which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to hypoxia GO:0001666 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 long-chain fatty acid metabolic process GO:0001676 The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 in utero embryonic development GO:0001701 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. 70 0.173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gastrulation with mouth forming second GO:0001702 A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. In Deuterostomes the initial blastopore becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 formation of primary germ layer GO:0001704 The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mesoderm formation GO:0001707 The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell fate specification GO:0001708 The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell fate determination GO:0001709 Process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mesodermal cell fate commitment GO:0001710 The process by which a cell becomes committed to become part of the mesoderm. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium GO:0001738 The process by which the anatomical structures of polarized epithelium are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation GO:0001754 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neural crest cell migration GO:0001755 The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 somitogenesis GO:0001756 The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 induction of an organ GO:0001759 The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 morphogenesis of a branching structure GO:0001763 The process by which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. 66 0.163148267167647 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuron migration GO:0001764 The characteristic movement of immature neurons from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. 68 0.168092154051515 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell activation GO:0001775 A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. 330 0.815741335838236 1 1.22587878787879 0.558135159184445 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte homeostasis GO:0001776 The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 B cell homeostasis GO:0001782 The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytokine production GO:0001816 The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 153 0.378207346615909 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cytokine production GO:0001817 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cytokine production GO:0001819 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 kidney development GO:0001822 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 blastocyst development GO:0001824 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 release of cytochrome c from mitochondria GO:0001836 The process by which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic epithelial tube formation GO:0001838 The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neural plate morphogenesis GO:0001839 The process by which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neural plate development GO:0001840 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neural tube formation GO:0001841 The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neural tube closure GO:0001843 The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 liver development GO:0001889 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 placenta development GO:0001890 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tissue homeostasis GO:0001894 A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell killing GO:0001906 Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity GO:0001909 The directed killing of a target cell by a leukocyte. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation GO:0001932 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphoric groups into an amino acid in a protein. 63 0.155732436841845 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation GO:0001934 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphoric groups to amino acids within a protein. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001935 The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the rapid expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001936 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001937 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hair follicle development GO:0001942 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vasculature development GO:0001944 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 288 0.711919711277006 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heart looping GO:0001947 The characteristic morphogenetic movements where the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceeding their future integration. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell-matrix adhesion GO:0001952 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 blood vessel remodeling GO:0001974 The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fast regulation of arterial pressure GO:0001976 The process that modulates the force with which blood moves through the circulatory system that responds to a change within minutes or hours. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of blood pressure by hormones GO:0001990 The process by which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 morphogenesis of an epithelium GO:0002009 The process by which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An epithelium is a sheet of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. 113 0.279329608938548 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cardiac inotropy GO:0002026 Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 somatic diversification of immune receptors GO:0002200 The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes during immune response GO:0002204 The process by which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of an immune response. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins during immune response GO:0002208 The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of immunoglobulins is generated after the induction of an immune response. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 natural killer cell mediated immunity GO:0002228 The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 adaptive immune response GO:0002250 An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). 119 0.294161269590152 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immune effector process GO:0002252 Any process of the immune system that occurs as part of an immune response. 143 0.353487912196569 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activation of immune response GO:0002253 Any process that initiates an immune response. 92 0.227418796657932 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lymphocyte homeostasis GO:0002260 The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell activation during immune response GO:0002263 A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 myeloid leukocyte activation GO:0002274 A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lymphocyte activation during immune response GO:0002285 A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell activation during immune response GO:0002286 The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell differentiation during immune response GO:0002292 The process whereby an antigenically nave T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 alpha-beta T cell differentiation during immune response GO:0002293 The process whereby an antigenically nave alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation during immune response GO:0002294 The process whereby an antigenically nave CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte activation during immune response GO:0002366 A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytokine production during immune response GO:0002367 The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immune system process GO:0002376 Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. 1134 2.80318386315321 1 0.35673721340388 0.939593238767177 C02D.profile.d50 immunoglobulin production GO:0002377 The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immunoglobulin production during immune response GO:0002381 The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway GO:0002429 A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a cell capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 production of molecular mediator of immune response GO:0002440 The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response following an immunological stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 51 0.126069115538636 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte mediated immunity GO:0002443 Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte. 124 0.306520986799822 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lymphocyte mediated immunity GO:0002449 Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte. 116 0.28674543926435 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin GO:0002455 An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell mediated immunity GO:0002456 Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains GO:0002460 An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies). 119 0.294161269590152 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I GO:0002474 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. 60 0.148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen GO:0002483 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II GO:0002504 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immune system development GO:0002520 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. 346 0.855292430909181 1 1.16919075144509 0.57529110321883 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte differentiation GO:0002521 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell or any cell of the myeloid leukocyte or lymphocyte lineages. 183 0.452365649873931 1 2.21060109289617 0.364234620672142 C02D.profile.d50 acute inflammatory response GO:0002526 Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. 96 0.237306570425669 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activation of plasma proteins during acute inflammatory response GO:0002541 Any process activating plasma proteins via proteolysis during an acute inflammatory response. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus GO:0002562 The process by which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 myeloid leukocyte differentiation GO:0002573 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage. 66 0.163148267167647 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of immune system process GO:0002682 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. 134 0.331240421219163 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of immune system process GO:0002683 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of immune system process GO:0002684 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. 109 0.269441835170811 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of immune effector process GO:0002697 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of immune effector process GO:0002699 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response GO:0002700 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity GO:0002703 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity GO:0002705 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity GO:0002706 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity GO:0002708 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of T cell mediated immunity GO:0002709 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cytokine production during immune response GO:0002718 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production during immune response. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immune response-activating signal transduction GO:0002757 The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an immune response. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation GO:0002761 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation GO:0002762 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation GO:0002763 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immune response-regulating signal transduction GO:0002764 The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway GO:0002768 A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptide secretion GO:0002790 The regulated release of a peptide from a cell or group of cells. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of adaptive immune response GO:0002819 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of adaptive immune response GO:0002821 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. GO:0002822 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains GO:0002824 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling GO:0003001 The cellular process by which a physical entity or change in state, a signal, is created that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal. 96 0.237306570425669 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regionalization GO:0003002 The pattern specification process by which an axis or axes is subdivided in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. 153 0.378207346615909 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 reproductive developmental process GO:0003006 A developmental process by which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. 116 0.28674543926435 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heart morphogenesis GO:0003007 The developmental process by which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of calcium ion GO:0005513 The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0005975 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. 593 1.46586246106689 1 0.682192242833052 0.769539827036327 C02D.profile.d50 polysaccharide metabolic process GO:0005976 The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, a polymer of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages. 70 0.173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycogen metabolic process GO:0005977 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycogen biosynthetic process GO:0005978 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycogen catabolic process GO:0005980 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 monosaccharide metabolic process GO:0005996 The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. 220 0.543827557225491 1 1.83881818181818 0.419868700406443 C02D.profile.d50 fructose metabolic process GO:0006000 The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fucose metabolic process GO:0006004 The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glucose metabolic process GO:0006006 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. 150 0.370791516290107 1 2.69693333333333 0.310128934718548 C02D.profile.d50 glucose catabolic process GO:0006007 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. 86 0.212587136006328 1 4.70395348837209 0.191722890135011 C02D.profile.d50 galactose metabolic process GO:0006012 The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mannose metabolic process GO:0006013 The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 inositol metabolic process GO:0006020 The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aminoglycan metabolic process GO:0006022 The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. 64 0.158204380283779 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aminoglycan biosynthetic process GO:0006023 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process GO:0006024 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aminoglycan catabolic process GO:0006026 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycosaminoglycan catabolic process GO:0006027 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 proteoglycan metabolic process GO:0006029 The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chitin metabolic process GO:0006030 The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chitin catabolic process GO:0006032 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino sugar metabolic process GO:0006040 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glucosamine metabolic process GO:0006041 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glucosamine catabolic process GO:0006043 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process GO:0006044 The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide moiety of a glycoprotein. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process GO:0006046 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide moiety of a glycoprotein. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 alcohol metabolic process GO:0006066 The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. 408 1.00855292430909 3 2.97455882352941 0.081653489913538 C02D.profile.d50 glycerol metabolic process GO:0006071 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process GO:0006072 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glucan metabolic process GO:0006073 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aldehyde metabolic process GO:0006081 The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O. 24 0.0593266426064172 1 16.8558333333333 0.0576703226918033 C02D.profile.d50 organic acid metabolic process GO:0006082 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. 681 1.68339348395709 1 0.594038179148311 0.814644105123266 C02D.profile.d50 acetyl-CoA metabolic process GO:0006084 The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyruvate metabolic process GO:0006090 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 generation of precursor metabolites and energy GO:0006091 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. 646 1.5968754634894 2 1.25244582043344 0.474298006187406 C02D.profile.d50 gluconeogenesis GO:0006094 The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycolysis GO:0006096 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate may be converted to ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules, or fed into the TCA cycle. 69 0.170564097493449 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pentose-phosphate shunt GO:0006098 The process by which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses. 14 0.0346072081870767 1 28.8957142857143 0.0340566132519083 C02D.profile.d50 tricarboxylic acid cycle GO:0006099 A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two C02 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolic process GO:0006100 The chemical reactions and pathways involving intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 malate metabolic process GO:0006108 The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0006109 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 energy reserve metabolic process GO:0006112 66 0.163148267167647 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 electron transport GO:0006118 The transport of electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. 423 1.0456320759381 2 1.91271867612293 0.281043111767863 C02D.profile.d50 oxidative phosphorylation GO:0006119 The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis. 105 0.259554061403075 1 3.8527619047619 0.228852329425735 C02D.profile.d50 mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone GO:0006120 The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I. 38 0.0939338507934939 1 10.6457894736842 0.089762880067684 C02D.profile.d50 mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c GO:0006122 The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III. 4 0.00988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0006139 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 4320 10.6787956691551 10 0.936435185185185 0.623877855922548 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of nucleotide metabolic process GO:0006140 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine base metabolic process GO:0006144 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine nucleotide metabolic process GO:0006163 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 115 0.284273495822416 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0006164 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 100 0.247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cAMP biosynthetic process GO:0006171 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cGMP biosynthetic process GO:0006182 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 GTP biosynthetic process GO:0006183 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine base metabolic process GO:0006206 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine bases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process GO:0006213 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process GO:0006220 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0006221 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 UTP biosynthetic process GO:0006228 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 CTP biosynthetic process GO:0006241 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA metabolic process GO:0006259 The chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. 922 2.27913185346319 2 0.877527114967462 0.664674594742123 C02D.profile.d50 DNA replication GO:0006260 The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA. 277 0.684728333415731 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA-dependent DNA replication GO:0006261 The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized, using parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands. 140 0.346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA topological change GO:0006265 The process by which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA ligation GO:0006266 The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA unwinding during replication GO:0006268 The process by which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA replication initiation GO:0006270 The process by which DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of DNA replication GO:0006275 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA-dependent DNA replication GO:0006278 The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized, using RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands. 2 0.0049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA repair GO:0006281 The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. 325 0.803381618628566 1 1.24473846153846 0.552633099691207 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of DNA repair GO:0006282 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair GO:0006283 The preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the general nucleotide excision repair pathway. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 base-excision repair GO:0006284 In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleotide-excision repair GO:0006289 In nucleotide excision repair a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts). 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mismatch repair GO:0006298 A system for the correction of errors introduced during DNA replication when an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 postreplication repair GO:0006301 Pathways for DNA repair which occur after DNA has replicated, e.g. mismatch repair, and which involve translesion synthesis (TLS-type) DNA polymerases. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 double-strand break repair GO:0006302 The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. 51 0.126069115538636 1 7.9321568627451 0.118583662293142 C02D.profile.d50 double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining GO:0006303 The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. 15 0.0370791516290107 1 26.9693333333333 0.0364443706720598 C02D.profile.d50 DNA modification GO:0006304 The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA alkylation GO:0006305 The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA methylation GO:0006306 The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA catabolic process GO:0006308 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA fragmentation during apoptosis GO:0006309 The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA recombination GO:0006310 The processes by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. 158 0.39056706382558 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitotic recombination GO:0006312 The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA that occurs during mitotic cell cycles. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transposition, DNA-mediated GO:0006313 Any process involved in a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via a DNA intermediate. 2 0.0049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA packaging GO:0006323 Any process by which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. 371 0.917091016957532 1 1.09040431266846 0.600773513162648 C02D.profile.d50 establishment and/or maintenance of chromatin architecture GO:0006325 The specification, formation and maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin. 365 0.902259356305928 1 1.10832876712329 0.594800752826377 C02D.profile.d50 chromatin assembly or disassembly GO:0006333 The formation or destruction of chromatin structures. 171 0.422702328570722 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleosome assembly GO:0006334 The aggregation and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. 93 0.229890740099867 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleosome disassembly GO:0006337 The disassembly of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromatin remodeling GO:0006338 Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation. 84 0.20764324912246 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromatin silencing GO:0006342 Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 imprinting GO:0006349 Heritable alterations in the activity of a gene that depend on whether it passed through the paternal or the maternal germline, but that are not encoded by DNA itself. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transcription GO:0006350 The synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA. 2826 6.98571216690562 8 1.14519462137297 0.399154535628126 C02D.profile.d50 transcription, DNA-dependent GO:0006351 The synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. 2588 6.39738962772532 7 1.09419629057187 0.457335105134297 C02D.profile.d50 transcription initiation GO:0006352 Processes involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase complex at the promoter region of a DNA template resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. 61 0.150788549957977 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transcription termination GO:0006353 The process by which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA elongation GO:0006354 The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GO:0006355 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription. 2510 6.20457803925446 7 1.12819920318725 0.426560131308832 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006357 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. 701 1.73283235279577 1 0.577089871611983 0.82359585194426 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter GO:0006359 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA ploymerase III promoter. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter GO:0006360 The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (Pol I), originating at a Pol I-specific promoter. 17 0.0420230385128788 1 23.7964705882353 0.0412021928988779 C02D.profile.d50 rRNA processing GO:0006364 Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule. 77 0.190339645028922 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 35S primary transcript processing GO:0006365 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006366 The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). 997 2.46452761160825 3 1.21727181544634 0.447204376831863 C02D.profile.d50 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006367 Processes involved in starting transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006368 The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation at an RNA polymerase II-specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA splice site selection GO:0006376 Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA polyadenylation GO:0006378 The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA cleavage GO:0006379 Any process by which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA editing GO:0006381 The insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mRNA molecules with sequences that differ from those coded genetically. 4 0.00988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter GO:0006383 The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III-specific promoter. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA processing GO:0006396 Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules. 622 1.53754882088298 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA processing GO:0006397 Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide. 382 0.944282394818807 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tRNA metabolic process GO:0006399 The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established. 100 0.247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA catabolic process GO:0006401 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. 64 0.158204380283779 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA catabolic process GO:0006402 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA localization GO:0006403 A process by which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. 92 0.227418796657932 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA export from nucleus GO:0006405 The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA export from nucleus GO:0006406 The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 translation GO:0006412 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein. 570 1.40900776190241 1 0.709719298245614 0.756040275514637 C02D.profile.d50 translational initiation GO:0006413 The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 translational elongation GO:0006414 The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 translational termination GO:0006415 The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code). 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of translation GO:0006417 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA. 211 0.521580066248084 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation GO:0006418 The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of translational initiation GO:0006446 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 translational readthrough GO:0006451 The continuation of translation beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein folding GO:0006457 The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure. 319 0.788549957976962 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein complex assembly GO:0006461 The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex. 431 1.06540762347357 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein modification process GO:0006464 The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). 2143 5.29737479606467 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 signal peptide processing GO:0006465 The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid phosphorylation GO:0006468 The process of introducing a phosphoric group on to a protein. 909 2.24699658871805 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of protein kinase activity GO:0006469 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid dephosphorylation GO:0006470 The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein. 203 0.501804518712612 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation GO:0006471 The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid acetylation GO:0006473 The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid deacetylation GO:0006476 The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid sulfation GO:0006477 The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid methylation GO:0006479 The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid glycosylation GO:0006486 The addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. 156 0.385623176941712 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation GO:0006487 The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 N-glycan processing GO:0006491 The conversion of N-linked glycan structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation GO:0006493 The formation of O-glycans by addition of glycosyl groups either to the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or to the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid lipidation GO:0006497 The covalent or non-covalent attachment of lipid moieties to an amino acid in a protein. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 GPI anchor metabolic process GO:0006505 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate moiety, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 GPI anchor biosynthetic process GO:0006506 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol moiety is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate moiety, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 proteolysis GO:0006508 The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. 799 1.9750828101053 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis GO:0006509 The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain). 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ATP-dependent proteolysis GO:0006510 The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. 4 0.00988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process GO:0006511 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin moiety, or multiple ubiquitin moieties, to the protein. 219 0.541355613783557 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ubiquitin cycle GO:0006512 The cyclical process by which one or more ubiquitin moieties are added to (ubiquitination) and removed from (deubiquitination) a protein. 503 1.24338755129283 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process GO:0006515 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycoprotein catabolic process GO:0006516 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptide metabolic process GO:0006518 The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid and derivative metabolic process GO:0006519 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, and compounds derived from amino acids. 440 1.08765511445098 1 0.919409090909091 0.663447675231891 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid metabolic process GO:0006520 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 344 0.850348544025313 1 1.17598837209302 0.573183579177716 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of amino acid metabolic process GO:0006521 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids. 64 0.158204380283779 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 arginine metabolic process GO:0006525 The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 arginine biosynthetic process GO:0006526 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, a chiral alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 arginine catabolic process GO:0006527 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, a chiral alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutamate metabolic process GO:0006536 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutamine metabolic process GO:0006541 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycine metabolic process GO:0006544 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycine catabolic process GO:0006546 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histidine metabolic process GO:0006547 The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histidine catabolic process GO:0006548 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. 4 0.00988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 methionine metabolic process GO:0006555 The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 L-phenylalanine metabolic process GO:0006558 The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-phenylalanine, the levorotatory isomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 L-phenylalanine catabolic process GO:0006559 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 proline metabolic process GO:0006560 The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 proline biosynthetic process GO:0006561 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 L-serine metabolic process GO:0006563 The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the levorotatory isomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tryptophan metabolic process GO:0006568 The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tyrosine metabolic process GO:0006570 The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid derivative metabolic process GO:0006575 The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 115 0.284273495822416 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biogenic amine metabolic process GO:0006576 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. 92 0.227418796657932 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 melanin metabolic process GO:0006582 The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine GO:0006583 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 catecholamine metabolic process GO:0006584 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 indolalkylamine metabolic process GO:0006586 The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 polyamine metabolic process GO:0006595 The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 polyamine biosynthetic process GO:0006596 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein targeting GO:0006605 The process of targeting specific proteins to particular membrane-bound subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif. 360 0.889899639096258 2 2.24744444444444 0.223773909597523 C02D.profile.d50 protein import into nucleus GO:0006606 The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 156 0.385623176941712 1 2.59320512820513 0.320297844371257 C02D.profile.d50 NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus GO:0006607 The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein export from nucleus GO:0006611 The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein targeting to membrane GO:0006612 The process of directing proteins towards a membrane using signals contained within the protein. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cotranslational protein targeting to membrane GO:0006613 The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein retention in ER GO:0006621 The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein targeting to peroxisome GO:0006625 The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome using signals contained within the protein. 12 0.0296633213032086 1 33.7116666666667 0.0292633326652399 C02D.profile.d50 protein targeting to mitochondrion GO:0006626 The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipid metabolic process GO:0006629 The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. 877 2.16789439857616 2 0.922554161915621 0.637893441881889 C02D.profile.d50 fatty acid metabolic process GO:0006631 The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. 234 0.578434765412567 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fatty acid biosynthetic process GO:0006633 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. 91 0.224946853215998 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fatty acid beta-oxidation GO:0006635 The metabolic oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 acyl-CoA metabolic process GO:0006637 The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neutral lipid metabolic process GO:0006638 The chemical reactions and pathways involving neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 acylglycerol metabolic process GO:0006639 The chemical reactions and pathways involving acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 triacylglycerol metabolic process GO:0006641 The chemical reactions and pathways involving triacylglycerol, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triacylglycerols are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 membrane lipid metabolic process GO:0006643 The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane. 216 0.533939783457755 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phospholipid metabolic process GO:0006644 The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. 145 0.358431799080437 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycerophospholipid metabolic process GO:0006650 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. 66 0.163148267167647 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process GO:0006656 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process GO:0006661 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. 3 0.00741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycerol ether metabolic process GO:0006662 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycolipid metabolic process GO:0006664 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sphingolipid metabolic process GO:0006665 The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ceramide metabolic process GO:0006672 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid. 45 0.111237454887032 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sphingomyelin metabolic process GO:0006684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycosphingolipid metabolic process GO:0006687 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process GO:0006688 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 icosanoid metabolic process GO:0006690 The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 58 0.143372719632175 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukotriene metabolic process GO:0006691 The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 prostanoid metabolic process GO:0006692 The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 prostaglandin metabolic process GO:0006693 The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 steroid biosynthetic process GO:0006694 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification. 99 0.244722400751471 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cholesterol biosynthetic process GO:0006695 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process GO:0006700 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 estrogen biosynthetic process GO:0006703 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 steroid catabolic process GO:0006706 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cholesterol catabolic process GO:0006707 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 isoprenoid metabolic process GO:0006720 The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 terpenoid metabolic process GO:0006721 The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aromatic compound metabolic process GO:0006725 The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons. 159 0.393039007267514 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process GO:0006729 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 one-carbon compound metabolic process GO:0006730 The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds containing a single carbon atom. 108 0.266969891728877 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 coenzyme metabolic process GO:0006732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. 201 0.496860631828744 1 2.0126368159204 0.391936372149694 C02D.profile.d50 oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process GO:0006733 43 0.106293568003164 1 9.40790697674418 0.100957670704549 C02D.profile.d50 NADP metabolic process GO:0006739 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH. 22 0.0543827557225491 1 18.3881818181818 0.0529942199196842 C02D.profile.d50 NADPH regeneration GO:0006740 14 0.0346072081870767 1 28.8957142857143 0.0340566132519083 C02D.profile.d50 ubiquinone metabolic process GO:0006743 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ubiquinone biosynthetic process GO:0006744 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutathione metabolic process GO:0006749 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutathione biosynthetic process GO:0006750 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 group transfer coenzyme metabolic process GO:0006752 78 0.192811588470856 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleoside phosphate metabolic process GO:0006753 59 0.145844663074109 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ATP biosynthetic process GO:0006754 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. 59 0.145844663074109 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 folic acid and derivative metabolic process GO:0006760 The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid and its derivatives. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vitamin metabolic process GO:0006766 The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems. 83 0.205171305680526 1 4.87397590361446 0.185699087804022 C02D.profile.d50 water-soluble vitamin metabolic process GO:0006767 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water. 58 0.143372719632175 1 6.9748275862069 0.133722702603265 C02D.profile.d50 nicotinamide metabolic process GO:0006769 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms. 29 0.0716863598160874 1 13.9496551724138 0.0692598120867805 C02D.profile.d50 fat-soluble vitamin metabolic process GO:0006775 The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vitamin A metabolic process GO:0006776 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process GO:0006777 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 porphyrin metabolic process GO:0006778 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. 30 0.0741583032580215 1 13.4846666666667 0.0715605491904371 C02D.profile.d50 porphyrin biosynthetic process GO:0006779 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heme biosynthetic process GO:0006783 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sulfur metabolic process GO:0006790 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. 89 0.22000296633213 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphorus metabolic process GO:0006793 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). 1301 3.2159984179562 1 0.310945426594927 0.960044137183456 C02D.profile.d50 phosphate metabolic process GO:0006796 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. 1301 3.2159984179562 1 0.310945426594927 0.960044137183456 C02D.profile.d50 oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process GO:0006800 The chemical reactions and pathways involving dioxygen (O2), or any of the reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (-OH). 121 0.29910515647402 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 superoxide metabolic process GO:0006801 The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 xenobiotic metabolic process GO:0006805 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide. 46 0.113709398328966 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nitrogen compound metabolic process GO:0006807 The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium. 580 1.43372719632175 1 0.69748275862069 0.762004179950515 C02D.profile.d50 nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0006809 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transport GO:0006810 The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells. 3015 7.45290947743116 8 1.07340630182421 0.468535278841458 C02D.profile.d50 ion transport GO:0006811 The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells. 901 2.22722104118258 1 0.448990011098779 0.892469243817833 C02D.profile.d50 cation transport GO:0006812 The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of, within or between cells. 570 1.40900776190241 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 potassium ion transport GO:0006813 The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of, within or between cells. 158 0.39056706382558 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sodium ion transport GO:0006814 The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of, within or between cells. 124 0.306520986799822 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 calcium ion transport GO:0006816 The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of, within or between cells. 152 0.375735403173975 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphate transport GO:0006817 The directed movement of phosphate into, out of, within or between cells. 113 0.279329608938548 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hydrogen transport GO:0006818 The directed movement of hydrogen (H2 or H+), into, out of, within or between cells. 104 0.257082117961141 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anion transport GO:0006820 The directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of, within or between cells. 236 0.583378652296435 1 1.71415254237288 0.442393009174827 C02D.profile.d50 chloride transport GO:0006821 The directed movement of chloride into, out of, within or between cells. 63 0.155732436841845 1 6.42126984126984 0.144376841800035 C02D.profile.d50 copper ion transport GO:0006825 The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of, within or between cells. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 iron ion transport GO:0006826 The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of, within or between cells. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 zinc ion transport GO:0006829 The directed movement of zinc (Zn) ions into, out of, within or between cells. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 water transport GO:0006833 The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of, within or between cells. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 dicarboxylic acid transport GO:0006835 The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of, within or between cells. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurotransmitter transport GO:0006836 The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of, within or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. 59 0.145844663074109 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitochondrial transport GO:0006839 Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oligopeptide transport GO:0006857 The directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of, within or between cells. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid transport GO:0006865 The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of, within or between cells. 62 0.153260493399911 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipid transport GO:0006869 The directed movement of lipids into, out of, within or between cells. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. 120 0.296633213032086 1 3.37116666666667 0.256956320975039 C02D.profile.d50 cell ion homeostasis GO:0006873 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of ions within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 257 0.63528946457705 1 1.57408560311284 0.470634394839307 C02D.profile.d50 calcium ion homeostasis GO:0006874 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of calcium ions within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 169 0.417758441686854 1 2.39372781065089 0.34181921212981 C02D.profile.d50 metal ion homeostasis GO:0006875 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of metal ions within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 226 0.558659217877095 1 1.79 0.428420012483677 C02D.profile.d50 copper ion homeostasis GO:0006878 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of copper ions within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 iron ion homeostasis GO:0006879 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of iron ions within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell volume GO:0006884 Any process that modulates the volume of a cell. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of pH GO:0006885 Any process that modulates the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intracellular protein transport GO:0006886 The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. 566 1.39911998813467 2 1.42946996466431 0.408033953198452 C02D.profile.d50 exocytosis GO:0006887 The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This is the process whereby most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells. 118 0.291689326148218 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport GO:0006888 The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi. 119 0.294161269590152 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER GO:0006890 The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by COP I vesicles. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport GO:0006891 The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network). 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport GO:0006892 The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Golgi to endosome transport GO:0006895 The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 endocytosis GO:0006897 The uptake of external materials by cells by the invagination of small region of the plasma membrane to form a new intracellular membrane-limited vesicle. 272 0.672368616206061 3 4.46183823529412 0.0306767208092257 C02D.profile.d50 receptor-mediated endocytosis GO:0006898 The uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. 72 0.177979927819252 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vesicle targeting GO:0006903 The process by which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by microtubules that grow between molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vesicle docking during exocytosis GO:0006904 The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, during exocytosis. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phagocytosis GO:0006909 The process whereby phagocytes engulf external particulate material. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleocytoplasmic transport GO:0006913 The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 242 0.59821031294804 1 1.67165289256198 0.450612306079396 C02D.profile.d50 autophagy GO:0006914 The process by which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of nutrient limitation and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 apoptosis GO:0006915 A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle the cell and result in cell death. Apoptosis begins internally with condensation and subsequent fragmentation of the cell nucleus (blebbing) while the plasma membrane remains intact. Other characteristics of apoptosis include DNA fragmentation and the exposure of phosphatidyl serine on the cell surface. 1078 2.6647550304049 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anti-apoptosis GO:0006916 A process which directly inhibits any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis. 278 0.687200276857665 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 induction of apoptosis GO:0006917 A process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis. 341 0.842932713699511 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 caspase activation GO:0006919 Upregulation of the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis. 54 0.133484945864439 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell structure disassembly during apoptosis GO:0006921 The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell motility GO:0006928 Any process involved in the controlled movement of a cell. 622 1.53754882088298 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 substrate-bound cell migration GO:0006929 The orderly movement of cells from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chemotaxis GO:0006935 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). 179 0.442477876106195 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 muscle contraction GO:0006936 A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. 246 0.608098086715776 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of muscle contraction GO:0006937 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 smooth muscle contraction GO:0006939 A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in smooth muscle tissue. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of smooth muscle contraction GO:0006940 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 striated muscle contraction GO:0006941 A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in striated muscle tissue. 54 0.133484945864439 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of striated muscle contraction GO:0006942 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 membrane fusion GO:0006944 The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to stress GO:0006950 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). 1358 3.35689919414644 2 0.595787923416789 0.848532922323646 C02D.profile.d50 defense response GO:0006952 Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. 683 1.68833737084096 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 acute-phase response GO:0006953 Process involving non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 inflammatory response GO:0006954 The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. 383 0.946754338260741 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immune response GO:0006955 Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. 838 2.07148860434073 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 complement activation GO:0006956 Processes involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 complement activation, alternative pathway GO:0006957 Processes involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 complement activation, classical pathway GO:0006958 Processes involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 humoral immune response GO:0006959 An immune response mediated through a body fluid. 95 0.234834626983735 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular defense response GO:0006968 A defense response that is mediated by cells. 114 0.281801552380482 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to DNA damage stimulus GO:0006974 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. 412 1.01844069807683 1 0.981893203883495 0.639297420681127 C02D.profile.d50 response to oxidative stress GO:0006979 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. 92 0.227418796657932 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ER-nuclear signaling pathway GO:0006984 Any series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to unfolded protein GO:0006986 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. 83 0.205171305680526 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organelle organization and biogenesis GO:0006996 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any organelle within a cell. 1437 3.55218272605923 5 1.40758524704245 0.284337599999976 C02D.profile.d50 nuclear organization and biogenesis GO:0006997 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromosome organization and biogenesis (sensu Eukaryota) GO:0007001 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of eukaryotic chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759). 477 1.17911702180254 1 0.848092243186583 0.692898443517997 C02D.profile.d50 telomere maintenance via telomerase GO:0007004 The maintenace of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitochondrion organization and biogenesis GO:0007005 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphology and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. 63 0.155732436841845 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0007006 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial membrane, the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 inner mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0007007 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 plasma membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0007009 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0007010 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. 661 1.63395461511841 2 1.22402420574887 0.486217382700439 C02D.profile.d50 actin filament organization GO:0007015 Control of the spatial distribution of actin filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. 60 0.148316606516043 1 6.74233333333333 0.138000186180437 C02D.profile.d50 cytoskeletal anchoring GO:0007016 Process by which cytoskeletal filaments are directly or indirectly linked to the plasma membrane. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 microtubule-based process GO:0007017 Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. 237 0.58585059573837 1 1.70691983122363 0.443771382118974 C02D.profile.d50 microtubule-based movement GO:0007018 Movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. 110 0.271913778612745 1 3.67763636363636 0.238336491885323 C02D.profile.d50 microtubule depolymerization GO:0007019 The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 microtubule nucleation GO:0007020 The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tubulin folding GO:0007021 Folding of the microtubule constituent proteins alpha- and beta-tubulin into the native alpha-beta heterodimer. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization GO:0007026 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytoplasm organization and biogenesis GO:0007028 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm and its components. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Golgi organization and biogenesis GO:0007030 The assembly and arrangement of the Golgi apparatus. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peroxisome organization and biogenesis GO:0007031 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. 33 0.0815741335838236 2 24.5175757575758 0.00306601977525316 C02D.profile.d50 endosome organization and biogenesis GO:0007032 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vacuole organization and biogenesis GO:0007033 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vacuolar transport GO:0007034 The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lysosome organization and biogenesis GO:0007040 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of lysosomes. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lysosomal transport GO:0007041 The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intercellular junction assembly GO:0007043 The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell cycle GO:0007049 The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. 1307 3.2308300786078 1 0.309517980107116 0.960633098772839 C02D.profile.d50 cell cycle arrest GO:0007050 Any process by which progression through the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M). 135 0.333712364661097 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 spindle organization and biogenesis GO:0007051 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis GO:0007052 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromosome segregation GO:0007059 The process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sister chromatid cohesion GO:0007062 The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitosis GO:0007067 Progression through mitosis, the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. 284 0.70203193750927 1 1.42443661971831 0.5048532331683 C02D.profile.d50 mitotic chromosome condensation GO:0007076 The cell cycle process whereby chromatin structure is compacted prior to mitosis in eukaryotic cells. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of mitosis GO:0007088 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. 91 0.224946853215998 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle GO:0007089 Passage through a cell cycle control point late in G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into S phase; in most organisms studied, including budding yeast and animal cells, passage through start normally commits the cell to progressing through the entire cell cycle. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle GO:0007090 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition GO:0007091 The cell cycle process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the destruction of mitotic cyclins. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitotic checkpoint GO:0007093 A signal transduction-based surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate chromosome segregation by preventing entry into, passage through and exit from mitosis. Events that may be monitored include the formation of a correctly assembled spindle, the position of the spindle pole (centrosome) and the orientation of the spindle and cellular morphogenesis. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mitotic spindle checkpoint GO:0007094 A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of cell division by preventing the premature advance of cells from metaphase to anaphase prior to the successful attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules (spindle assembly). 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of exit from mitosis GO:0007096 Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 centrosome cycle GO:0007098 The cell cycle process whereby centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 meiosis GO:0007126 Progression through meiosis, the specialized nuclear and cell division in which a single diploid cell undergoes two nuclear divisions following a single round of DNA replication in order to produce four daughter cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes from diploid organisms and at the beginning of haplophase in those organisms that alternate between diploid and haploid generations. 97 0.239778513867603 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 meiosis I GO:0007127 Progression through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. 50 0.123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 synapsis GO:0007129 The cell cycle process whereby the side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created at the metaphase plate. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 synaptonemal complex assembly GO:0007130 The cell cycle process whereby the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 meiotic recombination GO:0007131 The cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 male meiosis GO:0007140 Meiosis in the male germline. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell communication GO:0007154 Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. 4669 11.5415039303901 5 0.433219104733348 0.98962258710457 C02D.profile.d50 cell adhesion GO:0007155 The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. 1042 2.57576506649528 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 homophilic cell adhesion GO:0007156 The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell. 150 0.370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heterophilic cell adhesion GO:0007157 The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuron adhesion GO:0007158 The attachment of an adhesion molecule on a neuronal cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte adhesion GO:0007159 The attachment of an adhesion molecule on a leukocyte cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell-matrix adhesion GO:0007160 The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. 132 0.326296534335294 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell adhesion GO:0007162 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity GO:0007163 The specification, formation and maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of tissue polarity GO:0007164 Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 signal transduction GO:0007165 The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell. 4207 10.3994660602165 4 0.384635131922985 0.992350950468255 C02D.profile.d50 cell surface receptor linked signal transduction GO:0007166 Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell. 1801 4.45197013892322 2 0.449239311493615 0.936675513933784 C02D.profile.d50 enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway GO:0007167 Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase. 438 1.08271122756711 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway GO:0007169 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase binding to its physiological ligand. 306 0.756414693231819 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 signal complex assembly GO:0007172 The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell. Complex formation involves dimerization of a receptor protein tyrosine kinase followed by the association of several different intracellular signaling molecules with the cytoplasmic tails of the receptors. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0007173 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway GO:0007178 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand. 104 0.257082117961141 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0007179 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. 67 0.165620210609581 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway GO:0007185 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor tyrosine phosphatase binding to its physiological ligand. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway GO:0007186 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand. 776 1.91822811094082 2 1.04262886597938 0.571728828369678 C02D.profile.d50 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger GO:0007187 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by modulation of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide. 171 0.422702328570722 1 2.36573099415205 0.345069161677589 C02D.profile.d50 G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger GO:0007188 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP. 125 0.308992930241756 1 3.23632 0.266094839102435 C02D.profile.d50 G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway GO:0007189 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP. 58 0.143372719632175 1 6.9748275862069 0.133722702603265 C02D.profile.d50 adenylate cyclase activation GO:0007190 Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase. 46 0.113709398328966 1 8.79434782608696 0.107608348847919 C02D.profile.d50 G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway GO:0007193 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity GO:0007194 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating) GO:0007200 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate. 102 0.252138231077273 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phospholipase C activation GO:0007202 The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration GO:0007204 Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. 87 0.215059079448262 1 4.64988505747126 0.193720905436007 C02D.profile.d50 protein kinase C activation GO:0007205 The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 dopamine receptor signaling pathway GO:0007212 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 acetylcholine receptor signaling, muscarinic pathway GO:0007213 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate inhibitory G proteins and can be activated by the fungal alkaloid muscarine. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway GO:0007214 The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutamate signaling pathway GO:0007215 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glutamate binding to a cell surface receptor. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway GO:0007216 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glutamate binding to a cell surface receptor coupled to effectors through GTP-binding proteins. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tachykinin signaling pathway GO:0007217 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin, i.e. a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), binding to a cell surface receptor. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuropeptide signaling pathway GO:0007218 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor. 89 0.22000296633213 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Notch signaling pathway GO:0007219 The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell. 66 0.163148267167647 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Notch receptor processing GO:0007220 The series of successive proteolytic cleavage events that take place after a Notch receptor binds a ligand, and which lead to the release of the Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD), which is the active form of the receptor. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway GO:0007223 The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 smoothened signaling pathway GO:0007224 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 integrin-mediated signaling pathway GO:0007229 Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an integrin binding to one of its physiological ligands. 95 0.234834626983735 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intracellular signaling cascade GO:0007242 A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. 1897 4.68927670934889 1 0.213252503953611 0.990859882991366 C02D.profile.d50 protein kinase cascade GO:0007243 A series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. 565 1.39664804469274 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade GO:0007249 A series of reactions initiated by the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB is sequestered by the inhibitor I-kappaB, and is released when I-kappaB is phosphorylated by activated I-kappaB kinase. 190 0.469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase GO:0007250 The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 JNK cascade GO:0007254 A cascade of protein kinase activities, culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a member of the JUN kinase subfamily of stress-activated protein kinases, which in turn are a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that is activated primarily by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. 86 0.212587136006328 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activation of JNK activity GO:0007257 The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase by phosphorylation by a JUN kinase kinase (JNKK). 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 JAK-STAT cascade GO:0007259 The processes by which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of cytokines to their cognate receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes. 65 0.160676323725713 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein GO:0007260 The process of introducing a phosphoric group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 small GTPase mediated signal transduction GO:0007264 Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals. 584 1.44361497008948 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Ras protein signal transduction GO:0007265 A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. 306 0.756414693231819 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Rho protein signal transduction GO:0007266 A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. 150 0.370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell-cell signaling GO:0007267 Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. 900 2.22474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 synaptic transmission GO:0007268 The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. 386 0.954170168586543 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurotransmitter secretion GO:0007269 The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 60 0.148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nerve-nerve synaptic transmission GO:0007270 The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 synaptic transmission, cholinergic GO:0007271 The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ensheathment of neurons GO:0007272 The process whereby glial cells envelop neuronal cell bodies and/or axons to form and insulating layer. This can take the form of myelinating or non-myelinating ensheathment. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuromuscular synaptic transmission GO:0007274 The process of communication from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal development GO:0007275 The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). 3036 7.50482028971177 4 0.532990777338603 0.941257629525263 C02D.profile.d50 gamete generation GO:0007276 The generation and maintenance of gametes. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. 297 0.734167202254412 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 germ cell development GO:0007281 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 spermatogenesis GO:0007283 The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis. 225 0.556187274435161 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 spermatid development GO:0007286 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a male gamete over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 female gamete generation GO:0007292 The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 single fertilization GO:0007338 The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. 47 0.1161813417709 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 binding of sperm to zona pellucida GO:0007339 The process by which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 acrosome reaction GO:0007340 The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following their attachment to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the disperasl of the acrosomal contents into the egg. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane GO:0007342 The binding and fusion of a sperm, having penetrated the zona pellucida, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GO:0007346 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. 57 0.140900776190241 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 blastoderm segmentation GO:0007350 The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tripartite regional subdivision GO:0007351 Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 determination of left/right symmetry GO:0007368 The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gastrulation GO:0007369 A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. 61 0.150788549957977 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 segment specification GO:0007379 The process during which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 compartment specification GO:0007386 The regionalization process by which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pattern specification process GO:0007389 The developmental processes that result in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. 218 0.538883670341623 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ectoderm development GO:0007398 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. 180 0.444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nervous system development GO:0007399 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. 1045 2.58318089682108 2 0.774239234449761 0.729732505602144 C02D.profile.d50 neuroblast proliferation GO:0007405 The rapid expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. Neuroblasts are embryonic cells that develop into nerve cells or neurons. 28 0.0692144163741534 1 14.4478571428571 0.0669533735976265 C02D.profile.d50 axonogenesis GO:0007409 Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. 186 0.459781480199733 1 2.17494623655914 0.368937703913973 C02D.profile.d50 axon guidance GO:0007411 The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. 104 0.257082117961141 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 synaptogenesis GO:0007416 The biosynthesis of a synapse. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 central nervous system development GO:0007417 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. 332 0.820685222722104 2 2.43698795180723 0.198581449319587 C02D.profile.d50 brain development GO:0007420 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). 183 0.452365649873931 1 2.21060109289617 0.364234620672142 C02D.profile.d50 peripheral nervous system development GO:0007422 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory organ development GO:0007423 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 101 0.249666287635339 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ectodermal gut development GO:0007439 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal gut includes those portions of the gut that are derived from ectoderm. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 endoderm development GO:0007492 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mesoderm development GO:0007498 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. 82 0.202699362238592 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heart development GO:0007507 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. 178 0.440005932664261 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 adult heart development GO:0007512 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hemocyte development GO:0007516 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 muscle development GO:0007517 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. 256 0.632817521135116 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 striated muscle development GO:0007519 The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult muscle that occurs in the animal and in cultured cells. In vertebrate skeletal muscle the main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers. 137 0.338656251544965 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 myoblast fusion GO:0007520 The fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuromuscular junction development GO:0007528 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromuscular junction over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sex determination GO:0007530 Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sex differentiation GO:0007548 The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation. 106 0.262026004845009 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 female pregnancy GO:0007565 The physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. 118 0.291689326148218 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryo implantation GO:0007566 Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 parturition GO:0007567 The process of giving birth to live offspring or eggs. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aging GO:0007568 The inherent decline over time, from the optimal fertility and viability of early maturity, that may precede death and may be preceded by other indications, such as sterility. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell aging GO:0007569 Progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to nutrient GO:0007584 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 respiratory gaseous exchange GO:0007585 The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 digestion GO:0007586 The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. 106 0.262026004845009 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 excretion GO:0007588 The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. 72 0.177979927819252 1 5.61861111111111 0.163225173489614 C02D.profile.d50 fluid secretion GO:0007589 The regulated release of a fluid by a cell or group of cells. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lactation GO:0007595 The secretion of milk by the mammary gland. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 blood coagulation GO:0007596 The sequential process by which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. 142 0.351015968754635 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hemostasis GO:0007599 The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. 150 0.370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory perception GO:0007600 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. 504 1.24585949473476 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 visual perception GO:0007601 The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. 237 0.58585059573837 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phototransduction GO:0007602 The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory perception of sound GO:0007605 The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. 190 0.469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory perception of chemical stimulus GO:0007606 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. 78 0.192811588470856 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory perception of smell GO:0007608 The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. 62 0.153260493399911 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 behavior GO:0007610 The specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Patterned activity of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. 445 1.10001483166065 1 0.909078651685393 0.667586852520562 C02D.profile.d50 learning and/or memory GO:0007611 The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. 86 0.212587136006328 1 4.70395348837209 0.191722890135011 C02D.profile.d50 learning GO:0007612 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 memory GO:0007613 The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mating behavior GO:0007617 The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mating GO:0007618 The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 copulation GO:0007620 The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 circadian rhythm GO:0007623 The biological processes in an organism that recur with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 locomotory behavior GO:0007626 The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. 252 0.62292974736738 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 adult walking behavior GO:0007628 The actions or reactions of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 feeding behavior GO:0007631 Behavior associated with the intake of food. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 visual behavior GO:0007632 The actions or reactions of an organism in response to a visual stimulus. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 circulation GO:0008015 The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of O2 and nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. 228 0.563603104760963 1 1.77429824561404 0.431242346645023 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of heart contraction GO:0008016 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. 76 0.187867701586988 1 5.3228947368421 0.171468385497323 C02D.profile.d50 tRNA processing GO:0008033 The process by which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell recognition GO:0008037 The process by which a cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. 55 0.135956889306373 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuron recognition GO:0008038 The process by which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization GO:0008064 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament. 66 0.163148267167647 1 6.12939393939394 0.15070632602094 C02D.profile.d50 axon cargo transport GO:0008088 The directed movement of organelles along microtubules in nerve cell axons. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein localization GO:0008104 The processes by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. 998 2.46699955505018 3 1.21605210420842 0.447843425636376 C02D.profile.d50 asymmetric protein localization GO:0008105 The processes by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 metabolic process GO:0008152 Processes that cause many of the chemical changes in living organisms, including anabolism and catabolism. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. 9690 23.9531319523409 18 0.751467492260062 0.91168612331784 C02D.profile.d50 actin polymerization and/or depolymerization GO:0008154 Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament. 99 0.244722400751471 1 4.08626262626263 0.217315318801261 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of DNA replication GO:0008156 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 steroid metabolic process GO:0008202 The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. 234 0.578434765412567 1 1.72880341880342 0.439626007712028 C02D.profile.d50 cholesterol metabolic process GO:0008203 The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues. 106 0.262026004845009 1 3.81641509433962 0.230758562852774 C02D.profile.d50 bile acid metabolic process GO:0008206 The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 C21-steroid hormone metabolic process GO:0008207 The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 androgen metabolic process GO:0008209 The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 estrogen metabolic process GO:0008210 The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid alkylation GO:0008213 The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 blood pressure regulation GO:0008217 The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. 65 0.160676323725713 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell death GO:0008219 The specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. 1152 2.84767884510802 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sulfate transport GO:0008272 The directed movement of sulfate into, out of, within or between cells. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway GO:0008277 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity. 64 0.158204380283779 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell proliferation GO:0008283 The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the rapid expansion of a cell population. 1154 2.85262273199189 1 0.350554592720971 0.942510578046794 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. 338 0.835516883373708 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. 353 0.872596035002719 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 insulin receptor signaling pathway GO:0008286 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin. 51 0.126069115538636 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 isoprenoid biosynthetic process GO:0008299 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 endosome to lysosome transport GO:0008333 The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 adult feeding behavior GO:0008343 Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 adult locomotory behavior GO:0008344 Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 germ cell migration GO:0008354 The orderly movement of a germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell shape GO:0008360 Any process that modulates the shape of a cell. 58 0.143372719632175 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell size GO:0008361 Any process that modulates the size of a cell. 282 0.697088050625402 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 axon ensheathment GO:0008366 The processes by which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA splicing GO:0008380 The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA. 347 0.857764374351115 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gonad development GO:0008406 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytochrome c oxidase complex assembly GO:0008535 The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0008543 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 epidermis development GO:0008544 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. 158 0.39056706382558 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 male gonad development GO:0008584 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 female gonad development GO:0008585 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 46 0.113709398328966 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of smoothened signaling pathway GO:0008589 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo GO:0008595 The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipid biosynthetic process GO:0008610 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. 299 0.739111089138281 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals GO:0008624 Any process induced by extracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis. 73 0.180451871261186 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors GO:0008625 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 induction of apoptosis by intracellular signals GO:0008629 Any process induced by intracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis. 59 0.145844663074109 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis GO:0008630 A cascade of processes initiated by the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death). 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress GO:0008631 The activation, by oxidative stress, of any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 apoptotic program GO:0008632 The intracellular signaling cascade that results when a cell is triggered to undergo apoptosis. 117 0.289217382706284 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of survival gene product activity GO:0008634 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product activity; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 caspase activation via cytochrome c GO:0008635 Upregulation of the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis, mediated by cytochrome c. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 apoptotic mitochondrial changes GO:0008637 The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 carbohydrate transport GO:0008643 The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of, within or between cells. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. 55 0.135956889306373 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hexose transport GO:0008645 The directed movement of hexose into, out of, within or between cells. Hexoses are any aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid biosynthetic process GO:0008652 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipopolysaccharide metabolic process GO:0008653 The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phospholipid biosynthetic process GO:0008654 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. 70 0.173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 catabolic process GO:0009056 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. 833 2.05912888713106 2 0.971284513805522 0.610106359483557 C02D.profile.d50 macromolecule catabolic process GO:0009057 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. 511 1.2631630988283 1 0.791663405088063 0.717683616698245 C02D.profile.d50 biosynthetic process GO:0009058 The energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones, as in growth and other biosynthetic processes. 1553 3.83892816532358 1 0.260489375402447 0.978585367003863 C02D.profile.d50 macromolecule biosynthetic process GO:0009059 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of macromolecules, large molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. 888 2.19508577643744 1 0.455563063063063 0.888953174993278 C02D.profile.d50 aerobic respiration GO:0009060 The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fatty acid catabolic process GO:0009062 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid catabolic process GO:0009063 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 81 0.200227418796658 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutamine family amino acid metabolic process GO:0009064 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. 60 0.148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutamine family amino acid catabolic process GO:0009065 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aspartate family amino acid metabolic process GO:0009066 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process GO:0009067 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aspartate family amino acid catabolic process GO:0009068 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 serine family amino acid metabolic process GO:0009069 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 serine family amino acid biosynthetic process GO:0009070 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 serine family amino acid catabolic process GO:0009071 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aromatic amino acid family metabolic process GO:0009072 The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aromatic amino acid family catabolic process GO:0009074 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histidine family amino acid metabolic process GO:0009075 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the histidine family. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histidine family amino acid catabolic process GO:0009077 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the histidine family. 4 0.00988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 branched chain family amino acid metabolic process GO:0009081 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. 20 0.049438868838681 1 20.227 0.0482949130209605 C02D.profile.d50 branched chain family amino acid catabolic process GO:0009083 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process GO:0009084 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 methionine biosynthetic process GO:0009086 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycoprotein metabolic process GO:0009100 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. 199 0.491916744944876 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycoprotein biosynthetic process GO:0009101 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. 164 0.405398724477184 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process GO:0009103 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 coenzyme biosynthetic process GO:0009108 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. 113 0.279329608938548 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 coenzyme catabolic process GO:0009109 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vitamin biosynthetic process GO:0009110 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleobase metabolic process GO:0009112 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleoside metabolic process GO:0009116 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine). 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleotide metabolic process GO:0009117 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). 280 0.692144163741534 1 1.44478571428571 0.499926927759452 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleoside metabolic process GO:0009119 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process GO:0009120 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process GO:0009123 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009124 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process GO:0009126 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009127 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process GO:0009132 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009141 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 91 0.224946853215998 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009142 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 73 0.180451871261186 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009144 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 85 0.210115192564394 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009145 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 71 0.175507984377317 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009147 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine ribonucleotide metabolic process GO:0009150 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 108 0.266969891728877 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009152 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 94 0.232362683541801 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009156 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process GO:0009161 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009165 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). 183 0.452365649873931 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleotide catabolic process GO:0009166 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process GO:0009167 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009168 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process GO:0009185 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cyclic nucleotide metabolic process GO:0009187 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue. 69 0.170564097493449 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009190 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009199 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 85 0.210115192564394 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009200 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009201 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 72 0.177979927819252 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009205 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 84 0.20764324912246 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009206 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 71 0.175507984377317 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process GO:0009208 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process GO:0009209 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process GO:0009218 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process GO:0009219 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009220 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleotide-sugar metabolic process GO:0009225 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycolipid biosynthetic process GO:0009247 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a compound containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glucan biosynthetic process GO:0009250 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glucan catabolic process GO:0009251 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidoglycan catabolic process GO:0009253 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls. 2 0.0049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleotide metabolic process GO:0009259 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 122 0.301577099915954 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009260 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 106 0.262026004845009 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleotide catabolic process GO:0009261 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process GO:0009262 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0009263 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety. 4 0.00988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to temperature stimulus GO:0009266 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular response to starvation GO:0009267 A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to pH GO:0009268 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 rRNA transcription GO:0009303 The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein secretion GO:0009306 The regulated release of proteins from a cell or group of cells. 66 0.163148267167647 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amine metabolic process GO:0009308 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. 538 1.32990557176052 1 0.751933085501859 0.735932892026392 C02D.profile.d50 amine biosynthetic process GO:0009309 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. 94 0.232362683541801 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amine catabolic process GO:0009310 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. 96 0.237306570425669 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oligosaccharide metabolic process GO:0009311 The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oligosaccharide biosynthetic process GO:0009312 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to radiation GO:0009314 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. 117 0.289217382706284 1 3.45760683760684 0.251418680243775 C02D.profile.d50 phospholipid catabolic process GO:0009395 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 folic acid and derivative biosynthetic process GO:0009396 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pathogenesis GO:0009405 The specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to cause disease in another. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to heat GO:0009408 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to cold GO:0009409 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to xenobiotic stimulus GO:0009410 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to UV GO:0009411 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to light stimulus GO:0009416 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. 81 0.200227418796658 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 NAD biosynthetic process GO:0009435 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA modification GO:0009451 The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within RNA, resulting in a change in the properties of the RNA. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fertilization GO:0009566 The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of external stimulus GO:0009581 The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of abiotic stimulus GO:0009582 The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of light stimulus GO:0009583 The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of visible light GO:0009584 The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of chemical stimulus GO:0009593 The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of biotic stimulus GO:0009595 The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to external stimulus GO:0009605 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. 759 1.87620507242794 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to biotic stimulus GO:0009607 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. 282 0.697088050625402 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to wounding GO:0009611 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. 560 1.38428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to mechanical stimulus GO:0009612 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to virus GO:0009615 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. 124 0.306520986799822 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to bacterium GO:0009617 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium. 67 0.165620210609581 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to fungus GO:0009620 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to abiotic stimulus GO:0009628 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. 187 0.462253423641667 1 2.16331550802139 0.370497654218235 C02D.profile.d50 response to toxin GO:0009636 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxin stimulus. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anatomical structure morphogenesis GO:0009653 The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 1460 3.60903742522371 2 0.554164383561644 0.875512241075391 C02D.profile.d50 response to endogenous stimulus GO:0009719 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endogenous stimulus. 453 1.11979037919612 1 0.893024282560706 0.674103910895334 C02D.profile.d50 response to hormone stimulus GO:0009725 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to carbohydrate stimulus GO:0009743 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to hexose stimulus GO:0009746 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to glucose stimulus GO:0009749 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hormone-mediated signaling GO:0009755 A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic development GO:0009790 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. 397 0.981361546447817 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 post-embryonic development GO:0009791 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic development ending in birth or egg hatching GO:0009792 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. 137 0.338656251544965 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 axis specification GO:0009798 The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 determination of symmetry GO:0009799 The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 determination of bilateral symmetry GO:0009855 The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic pattern specification GO:0009880 The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organ morphogenesis GO:0009887 Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 569 1.40653581846047 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tissue development GO:0009888 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 419 1.03574430217037 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of biosynthetic process GO:0009889 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. 253 0.625401690809314 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of biosynthetic process GO:0009890 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of biosynthetic process GO:0009891 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. 92 0.227418796657932 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of metabolic process GO:0009892 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. 615 1.52024521678944 1 0.657788617886179 0.781752884125092 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of metabolic process GO:0009893 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. 567 1.40159193157661 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of catabolic process GO:0009894 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of catabolic process GO:0009895 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 epidermal cell differentiation GO:0009913 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anterior/posterior axis specification GO:0009948 The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anterior/posterior pattern formation GO:0009952 The regionalization process by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. 99 0.244722400751471 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 dorsal/ventral pattern formation GO:0009953 The regionalization process by which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 proximal/distal pattern formation GO:0009954 The regionalization process by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of signal transduction GO:0009966 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. 682 1.68586542739902 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of signal transduction GO:0009967 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. 191 0.472141197409403 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of signal transduction GO:0009968 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. 150 0.370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular process GO:0009987 Processes that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. 13870 34.2858555396253 27 0.787496755587599 0.912666376274906 C02D.profile.d50 cell-cell recognition GO:0009988 Cell recognition between cells, usually involving the formation of specialized cell junctions. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to extracellular stimulus GO:0009991 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. 46 0.113709398328966 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oocyte differentiation GO:0009994 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glial cell differentiation GO:0010001 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gastrulation (sensu Mammalia) GO:0010003 The process of gastrulation, as in, but not restricted to, mammals (Mammalia, ncbi_taxonomy_id:40674). 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to organic substance GO:0010033 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to inorganic substance GO:0010035 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to metal ion GO:0010038 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 specification of organ identity GO:0010092 The regionalization process by which the identity of an organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to ionizing radiation GO:0010212 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. 18 0.0444949819548129 1 22.4744444444444 0.0435722868502822 C02D.profile.d50 membrane invagination GO:0010324 The infolding of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. 272 0.672368616206061 3 4.46183823529412 0.0306767208092257 C02D.profile.d50 programmed cell death GO:0012501 Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. 1086 2.68453057794038 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 induction of programmed cell death GO:0012502 A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death. 343 0.847876600583379 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oligodendrocyte development GO:0014003 The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 primary neural tube formation GO:0014020 The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mesenchymal cell development GO:0014031 The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neural crest cell development GO:0014032 The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neural crest cell differentiation GO:0014033 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process GO:0015012 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating (alpha1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein transport GO:0015031 The directed movement of proteins into, out of, within or between cells. 881 2.1777821723439 3 1.37754824063564 0.371381879491538 C02D.profile.d50 DNA integration GO:0015074 The process by which a segment of DNA is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome. 4 0.00988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gas transport GO:0015669 The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of, within or between cells. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oxygen transport GO:0015671 The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of, within or between cells. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 monovalent inorganic cation transport GO:0015672 The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of one into, out of, within or between cells. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. 344 0.850348544025313 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport GO:0015674 The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of two or three into, out of, within or between cells. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. 201 0.496860631828744 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organic cation transport GO:0015695 The directed movement of organic cations into, out of, within or between cells. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 inorganic anion transport GO:0015698 The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of, within or between cells. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage. 191 0.472141197409403 1 2.11801047120419 0.376698989549114 C02D.profile.d50 organic anion transport GO:0015711 The directed movement of organic anions into, out of, within or between cells. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 monocarboxylic acid transport GO:0015718 The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of, within or between cells. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 monosaccharide transport GO:0015749 The directed movement of monosaccharides into, out of, within or between cells. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glucose transport GO:0015758 The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of, within or between cells. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleotide-sugar transport GO:0015780 The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of, within or between cells. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 acidic amino acid transport GO:0015800 The directed movement of acidic amino acids, amino acids with a pH below 7, into, out of, within or between cells. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neutral amino acid transport GO:0015804 The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of, within or between cells. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 L-amino acid transport GO:0015807 The directed movement of levorotatory isomer amino acids into, out of, within or between cells. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glutamate transport GO:0015813 The directed movement of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into, out of, within or between cells. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptide transport GO:0015833 The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of, within or between cells. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amine transport GO:0015837 The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of, within or between cells. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 monoamine transport GO:0015844 The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds containing one amino group, into, out of, within or between cells. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organic acid transport GO:0015849 The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of, within or between cells. 97 0.239778513867603 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 folic acid transport GO:0015884 The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of, within or between cells. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 drug transport GO:0015893 The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, into, out of, within or between cells. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tetracycline transport GO:0015904 The directed movement of tetracycline into, out of, within or between cells. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles). 2 0.0049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fatty acid transport GO:0015908 The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of, within or between cells. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phospholipid transport GO:0015914 The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of, within or between cells. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sterol transport GO:0015918 The directed movement of sterols into, out of, within or between cells. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport GO:0015931 The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of, within or between cells. 99 0.244722400751471 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 coenzyme A metabolic process GO:0015936 The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 coenzyme A biosynthetic process GO:0015937 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds GO:0015980 127 0.313936817125624 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient GO:0015985 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ATP synthesis coupled proton transport GO:0015986 The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 energy coupled proton transport, against electrochemical gradient GO:0015988 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport GO:0015991 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 proton transport GO:0015992 The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of, within or between cells. 101 0.249666287635339 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 viral reproduction GO:0016032 The process by which a virus reproduces. Usually, this is by infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle. 83 0.205171305680526 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipid catabolic process GO:0016042 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. 130 0.321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0016043 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component; includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. 3495 8.6394423295595 10 1.15748211731044 0.365144245303489 C02D.profile.d50 membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0016044 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membranes inside and surrounding the cell. 394 0.973945716122015 3 3.0802538071066 0.0753443311206586 C02D.profile.d50 detection of bacterium GO:0016045 The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell growth GO:0016049 The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. 278 0.687200276857665 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vesicle organization and biogenesis GO:0016050 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any vesicle. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 carbohydrate biosynthetic process GO:0016051 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. 120 0.296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 carbohydrate catabolic process GO:0016052 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. 132 0.326296534335294 1 3.06469696969697 0.27870025533915 C02D.profile.d50 organic acid biosynthetic process GO:0016053 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. 100 0.247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organic acid catabolic process GO:0016054 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Wnt receptor signaling pathway GO:0016055 The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state. 145 0.358431799080437 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immunoglobulin mediated immune response GO:0016064 An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA metabolic process GO:0016070 The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. 3263 8.0659514510308 7 0.86784554091327 0.694921453410383 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA metabolic process GO:0016071 The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. 453 1.11979037919612 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 rRNA metabolic process GO:0016072 The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes. 78 0.192811588470856 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 snRNA metabolic process GO:0016073 The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 synaptic vesicle exocytosis GO:0016079 Fusion of intracellular membrane-bound vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 diterpenoid metabolic process GO:0016101 The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sterol metabolic process GO:0016125 The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. 117 0.289217382706284 1 3.45760683760684 0.251418680243775 C02D.profile.d50 sterol biosynthetic process GO:0016126 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sterol catabolic process GO:0016127 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 snRNA processing GO:0016180 Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vesicle-mediated transport GO:0016192 The directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. 656 1.62159489790874 3 1.85003048780488 0.222115093253236 C02D.profile.d50 endosome transport GO:0016197 The directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bound organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation. 50 0.123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of striated muscle development GO:0016202 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 macroautophagy GO:0016236 The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane bound autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane bound structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane bound autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 death GO:0016265 A permanent cessation of all vital functions: the end of life; can be applied to a whole organism or to a part of an organism. 1152 2.84767884510802 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphorylation GO:0016310 The process of introducing a phosphoric group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. 1058 2.61531616156622 1 0.382362948960302 0.92709178482093 C02D.profile.d50 dephosphorylation GO:0016311 The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule. 228 0.563603104760963 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium GO:0016331 The process by which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 46 0.113709398328966 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell-cell adhesion GO:0016337 The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. 325 0.803381618628566 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion GO:0016338 The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion GO:0016339 The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 dendrite development GO:0016358 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 somatic cell DNA recombination GO:0016444 Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins GO:0016445 The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of immunoglobulins is generated. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments GO:0016447 The process by which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gene silencing GO:0016458 Any mechanism, at the level of transcription or post-transcription, causing long-term gene inactivation. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell migration GO:0016477 The orderly movement of cells from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. 385 0.951698225144609 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of transcription GO:0016481 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. 439 1.08518317100905 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein processing GO:0016485 The posttranslational modification of a protein, particularly secretory proteins and proteins targeted for membranes or specific cellular locations. 114 0.281801552380482 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptide hormone processing GO:0016486 The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of angiogenesis GO:0016525 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein autoprocessing GO:0016540 Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein. 67 0.165620210609581 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA editing GO:0016547 The insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides within nascent RNA transcripts to produce RNA molecules with sequences that differ from those coded genetically. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA modification GO:0016556 The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within mRNA, resulting in a change in the properties of the mRNA. 4 0.00988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein ubiquitination GO:0016567 The process by which one or more ubiquitin moieties are added to a protein. 96 0.237306570425669 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromatin modification GO:0016568 The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin, which may result in changing the chromatin structure. 256 0.632817521135116 1 1.580234375 0.469322590296608 C02D.profile.d50 covalent chromatin modification GO:0016569 The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the covalent addition or removal of chemical groups. 69 0.170564097493449 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histone modification GO:0016570 The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein. 68 0.168092154051515 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histone methylation GO:0016571 The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histone acetylation GO:0016573 The modification of histones by addition of acetyl groups. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histone ubiquitination GO:0016574 The modification of histones by addition of ubiquitin groups. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 histone deacetylation GO:0016575 The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein deubiquitination GO:0016579 The removal of one or more ubiquitin moieties from a protein. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein sumoylation GO:0016925 The process by which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell wall catabolic process GO:0016998 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cell wall. 3 0.00741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0017015 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein import GO:0017038 The directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. 172 0.425174272012656 2 4.70395348837209 0.0682283712659331 C02D.profile.d50 drug metabolic process GO:0017144 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice. 3 0.00741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 stem cell division GO:0017145 The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process GO:0017148 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 calcium ion-dependent exocytosis GO:0017156 The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, requiring the presence of calcium ions. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of exocytosis GO:0017157 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0018105 The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0018108 The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptide cross-linking GO:0018149 The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidyl-amino acid modification GO:0018193 The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide. 151 0.373263459732041 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidyl-asparagine modification GO:0018196 The modification of peptidyl-asparagine. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidyl-histidine modification GO:0018202 The modification of peptidyl-histidine. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidyl-serine modification GO:0018209 The modification of peptidyl-serine. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptidyl-tyrosine modification GO:0018212 The modification of peptidyl-tyrosine. 77 0.190339645028922 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via asparagine GO:0018279 The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine also occurs; this modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein-chromophore linkage GO:0018298 The covalent or noncovalent linking of a chromophore to a protein. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein prenylation GO:0018342 The enzymatic addition of prenyl moieties to proteins as a posttranslational modification; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein palmitoylation GO:0018345 The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a palmitoyl moiety to a protein. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid prenylation GO:0018346 The covalent attachment of a prenyl moiety to a protein amino acid. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptide or protein amino-terminal blocking GO:0018409 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phenol metabolic process GO:0018958 The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. The largest single use of phenol is in the production of plastics, but it is also used in the synthesis of caprolactam, a precursor for nylon 6 and other man-made fibers. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 virus-host interaction GO:0019048 Interactions, directly with the host cell macromolecular machinery, to allow virus replication. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 viral infectious cycle GO:0019058 A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome. 69 0.170564097493449 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 initiation of viral infection GO:0019059 Processes involved in the start of virus infection of cells. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 viral genome replication GO:0019079 Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 reproductive behavior GO:0019098 The specific actions or reactions of an organism that are associated with reproduction. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of lipid metabolic process GO:0019216 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of fatty acid metabolic process GO:0019217 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of steroid metabolic process GO:0019218 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0019219 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 2802 6.9263855242992 7 1.01062812276945 0.539436121081016 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of phosphate metabolic process GO:0019220 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. 80 0.197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytokine or chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor. 50 0.123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of metabolic process GO:0019222 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. 3184 7.87066791911801 8 1.01643216080402 0.528997798381565 C02D.profile.d50 transmission of nerve impulse GO:0019226 The sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation. 448 1.10743066198645 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of vasoconstriction GO:0019229 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory perception of pain GO:0019233 The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fucose catabolic process GO:0019317 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose). 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hexose metabolic process GO:0019318 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any aldose with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. 215 0.53146784001582 1 1.88158139534884 0.412644959955944 C02D.profile.d50 hexose biosynthetic process GO:0019319 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any aldose with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hexose catabolic process GO:0019320 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any aldose with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. 103 0.254610174519207 1 3.92757281553398 0.225025679531416 C02D.profile.d50 pentose metabolic process GO:0019321 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any aldose with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyridine nucleotide metabolic process GO:0019362 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. 33 0.0815741335838236 1 12.2587878787879 0.078428692949341 C02D.profile.d50 pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0019363 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukotriene biosynthetic process GO:0019370 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycolipid catabolic process GO:0019377 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolipid, a compound containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fatty acid oxidation GO:0019395 The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen. 45 0.111237454887032 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aromatic compound biosynthetic process GO:0019438 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 aromatic compound catabolic process GO:0019439 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein metabolic process GO:0019538 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification. 4109 10.157215602907 3 0.295356534436603 0.997586054611981 C02D.profile.d50 urea metabolic process GO:0019627 The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2, produced in the liver by the ornithine cycle. It is the main nitrogen-containing excretion product in ureotelic animals. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 NAD metabolic process GO:0019674 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process GO:0019720 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 calcium-mediated signaling GO:0019722 A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response. 47 0.1161813417709 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 B cell mediated immunity GO:0019724 Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell homeostasis GO:0019725 The processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium at the level of the cell. 363 0.89731546942206 1 1.11443526170799 0.592790041109877 C02D.profile.d50 secondary metabolic process GO:0019748 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients. 69 0.170564097493449 1 5.86289855072464 0.15698898779423 C02D.profile.d50 polyol metabolic process GO:0019751 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any polyhydric alcohol. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 carboxylic acid metabolic process GO:0019752 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). 679 1.67844959707322 1 0.595787923416789 0.813724317457937 C02D.profile.d50 cytolysis GO:0019835 The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen processing and presentation GO:0019882 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. 110 0.271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen GO:0019883 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen GO:0019884 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I GO:0019885 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sequestering of lipid GO:0019915 The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 second-messenger-mediated signaling GO:0019932 A series of molecular signals in which an ion or small molecule is formed or released into the cytosol, thereby helping relay the signal within the cell. 330 0.815741335838236 1 1.22587878787879 0.558135159184445 C02D.profile.d50 cAMP-mediated signaling GO:0019933 A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. 134 0.331240421219163 1 3.0189552238806 0.282261872180867 C02D.profile.d50 cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling GO:0019935 A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a cyclic nucleotide to convert an extracellular signal into a response. 183 0.452365649873931 1 2.21060109289617 0.364234620672142 C02D.profile.d50 modification-dependent protein catabolic process GO:0019941 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein. 220 0.543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sexual reproduction GO:0019953 The regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times. 344 0.850348544025313 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hemoglobin metabolic process GO:0020027 The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 spinal cord development GO:0021510 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 developmental maturation GO:0021700 A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. 119 0.294161269590152 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glial cell development GO:0021782 The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neural tube development GO:0021915 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 central nervous system neuron differentiation GO:0021953 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 central nervous system neuron development GO:0021954 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurogenesis GO:0022008 Generation of cells within the nervous system. 420 1.0382162456123 1 0.963190476190476 0.646369101759859 C02D.profile.d50 cell cycle process GO:0022402 A cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. 1144 2.82790329757255 1 0.353618881118881 0.941069958549647 C02D.profile.d50 cell cycle phase GO:0022403 A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through one of the biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. 474 1.17170119147674 1 0.853459915611814 0.690609724650163 C02D.profile.d50 molting cycle process GO:0022404 A multicellular organismal process involved in the periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hair cycle process GO:0022405 A multicellular organismal process involved in the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 membrane docking GO:0022406 The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell-cell adhesion GO:0022407 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion GO:0022408 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular component disassembly GO:0022411 A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a part of the cell. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 reproductive process GO:0022414 A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. 396 0.978889603005883 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 viral reproductive process GO:0022415 A reproductive process involved in viral reproduction. Usually, this is by infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle. 78 0.192811588470856 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 digestive process GO:0022600 A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 menstrual cycle phase GO:0022601 The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium, that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 menstrual cycle process GO:0022602 A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in female mammals, with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis GO:0022603 58 0.143372719632175 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell morphogenesis GO:0022604 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. 58 0.143372719632175 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular component assembly GO:0022607 A cellular process that results in the assembly of a part of the cell. 811 2.00474613140851 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biological adhesion GO:0022610 The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate or other organism. 1042 2.57576506649528 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly GO:0022613 The cellular process by which a complex containing RNA and proteins, is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. 239 0.590794482622238 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein-RNA complex assembly GO:0022618 The aggregation and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. 154 0.380679290057844 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 metal ion transport GO:0030001 The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of, within or between cells. 466 1.15192564394127 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anion homeostasis GO:0030002 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of anions within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cation homeostasis GO:0030003 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of cations within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 244 0.603154199831908 1 1.65795081967213 0.453325059657619 C02D.profile.d50 monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis GO:0030004 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of monovalent inorganic cations within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 di-, tri-valent inorganic cation homeostasis GO:0030005 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of divalent and trivalent inorganic cations within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 218 0.538883670341623 1 1.8556880733945 0.416989927039173 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of cell polarity GO:0030010 The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 actin filament-based process GO:0030029 Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. 339 0.837988826815642 1 1.19333333333333 0.567868901196729 C02D.profile.d50 cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0030030 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. 296 0.731695258812478 1 1.36668918918919 0.519342877724214 C02D.profile.d50 cell projection biogenesis GO:0030031 Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. 72 0.177979927819252 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lamellipodium biogenesis GO:0030032 Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 microspike biogenesis GO:0030035 Formation of a microspike, a thin, stiff projection extended from the surface of a migrating cell. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0030036 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. 313 0.773718297325357 1 1.29246006389776 0.53914700519444 C02D.profile.d50 actin filament polymerization GO:0030041 Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 actin filament depolymerization GO:0030042 Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament. 45 0.111237454887032 1 8.98977777777778 0.105396940682304 C02D.profile.d50 actin filament-based movement GO:0030048 Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition GO:0030071 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the onset of anaphase (chromosome movement) in the mitotic cell cycle. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptide hormone secretion GO:0030072 The regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 insulin secretion GO:0030073 The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hemopoiesis GO:0030097 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. 303 0.748998862906017 1 1.33511551155116 0.527598553547528 C02D.profile.d50 lymphocyte differentiation GO:0030098 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells. 128 0.316408760567558 1 3.16046875 0.271523912744288 C02D.profile.d50 myeloid cell differentiation GO:0030099 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. 142 0.351015968754635 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of endocytosis GO:0030100 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 natural killer cell activation GO:0030101 The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway GO:0030111 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt receptor mediated signal transduction pathway. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sphingolipid biosynthetic process GO:0030148 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sphingolipid catabolic process GO:0030149 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell differentiation GO:0030154 The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. 2359 5.83131457952242 2 0.342975837219161 0.980057529171377 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell adhesion GO:0030155 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. 108 0.266969891728877 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of proteolysis GO:0030162 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein catabolic process GO:0030163 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. 294 0.72675137192861 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 proteoglycan biosynthetic process GO:0030166 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 platelet activation GO:0030168 A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of DNA replication initiation GO:0030174 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA replication; the process by which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway GO:0030178 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt receptor signaling pathway activity. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuron differentiation GO:0030182 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. 335 0.828101053047906 1 1.20758208955224 0.563569550151811 C02D.profile.d50 B cell differentiation GO:0030183 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a B cell. 57 0.140900776190241 1 7.09719298245614 0.131576007610459 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of blood coagulation GO:0030193 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of blood coagulation GO:0030195 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GO:0030198 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. 83 0.205171305680526 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 collagen fibril organization GO:0030199 Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process GO:0030201 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha1->4 linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycosaminoglycan metabolic process GO:0030203 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. Formerly known as mucopolysaccharides, they include hyaluronic acid and chondroitin, which provide lubrication in joints and form part of the matrix of cartilage. The three-dimensional structure of these molecules enables them to trap water, which forms a gel and gives glycosaminoglycans their elastic properties. 63 0.155732436841845 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chondroitin sulfate metabolic process GO:0030204 The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. They usually occur linked to a protein to form proteoglycans. Two subgroups exist, one in which the sulfate is on the 4-position (chondroitin sulfate A) and the second in which it is in the 6-position (chondroitin sulfate C). They often are polydisperse and often differ in the degree of sulfation from tissue to tissue. The chains of repeating disaccharide are covalently linked to the side chains of serine residues in the polypeptide backbone of a protein by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide unit galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl. Chondroitin sulfate B is more usually known as dermatan sulfate. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process GO:0030206 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hyaluronan metabolic process GO:0030212 The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 keratinocyte differentiation GO:0030216 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell differentiation GO:0030217 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a T cell. 81 0.200227418796658 1 4.99432098765432 0.181658299484868 C02D.profile.d50 erythrocyte differentiation GO:0030218 The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. 54 0.133484945864439 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 macrophage differentiation GO:0030225 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 male sex determination GO:0030238 The specification of male sex of an individual organism. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 myofibril assembly GO:0030239 Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipid modification GO:0030258 The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in that lipid. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 entry into host cell GO:0030260 The invasion by an organism of a cell of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromosome condensation GO:0030261 The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 apoptotic nuclear changes GO:0030262 The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by the nucleus during apoptosis. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of ossification GO:0030278 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of ossification GO:0030279 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 bone mineralization GO:0030282 The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cholesterol absorption GO:0030299 Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cholesterol transport GO:0030301 The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of, within or between cells. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell growth GO:0030307 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell growth GO:0030308 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth. 68 0.168092154051515 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 osteoclast differentiation GO:0030316 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a osteoclast cell. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sperm motility GO:0030317 Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 melanocyte differentiation GO:0030318 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 respiratory tube development GO:0030323 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract. 70 0.173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lung development GO:0030324 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the oesophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. 67 0.165620210609581 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 adrenal gland development GO:0030325 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic limb morphogenesis GO:0030326 The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. 73 0.180451871261186 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator GO:0030330 A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell migration GO:0030334 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. 91 0.224946853215998 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell migration GO:0030335 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell migration GO:0030336 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphoinositide metabolic process GO:0030384 The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoinositides, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of inositol. They are important constituents of cell membranes. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ER-associated protein catabolic process GO:0030433 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of unfolded or misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of bone mineralization GO:0030500 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell redox homeostasis GO:0030503 Any process that modulates the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 BMP signaling pathway GO:0030509 A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030510 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030514 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of axon extension GO:0030516 Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of axon extension GO:0030517 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway GO:0030518 Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a steroid hormone binding to its receptor. 83 0.205171305680526 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 estrogen receptor signaling pathway GO:0030520 Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an estrogen binding to its receptor. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 androgen receptor signaling pathway GO:0030521 Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor. 54 0.133484945864439 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intracellular receptor-mediated signaling pathway GO:0030522 Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand entering the target cell, where it binds to an intracellular receptor. 88 0.217531022890196 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 adult behavior GO:0030534 Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 male genitalia development GO:0030539 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 collagen catabolic process GO:0030574 The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neutrophil chemotaxis GO:0030593 The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte chemotaxis GO:0030595 The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hydrogen ion homeostasis GO:0030641 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport GO:0030705 The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. 139 0.343600138428833 1 2.91035971223022 0.291089163330703 C02D.profile.d50 ovulation GO:0030728 The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process GO:0030799 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0030802 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process GO:0030808 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cAMP metabolic process GO:0030814 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of actin filament length GO:0030832 Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell. 73 0.180451871261186 1 5.54164383561644 0.165293633534382 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of actin filament polymerization GO:0030833 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of actin filament depolymerization GO:0030834 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament. 45 0.111237454887032 1 8.98977777777778 0.105396940682304 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization GO:0030835 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization. 43 0.106293568003164 1 9.40790697674418 0.100957670704549 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of actin filament polymerization GO:0030838 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 granulocyte differentiation GO:0030851 The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 epithelial cell differentiation GO:0030855 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of epithelial cell differentiation GO:0030856 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cortical cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0030865 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cortical actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0030866 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 thyroid gland development GO:0030878 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mammary gland development GO:0030879 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of B cell proliferation GO:0030888 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of B cell proliferation GO:0030890 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 forebrain development GO:0030900 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). 56 0.138428832748307 1 7.22392857142857 0.12942399295915 C02D.profile.d50 midbrain development GO:0030901 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hindbrain development GO:0030902 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium). 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 unfolded protein response GO:0030968 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pancreas development GO:0031016 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 microtubule organizing center organization and biogenesis GO:0031023 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 actomyosin structure organization and biogenesis GO:0031032 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hair follicle morphogenesis GO:0031069 The process by which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway GO:0031098 A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals. 89 0.22000296633213 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regeneration GO:0031099 The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 microtubule polymerization or depolymerization GO:0031109 Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization GO:0031110 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization GO:0031111 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of microtubule depolymerization GO:0031114 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA 3'-end processing GO:0031123 Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA 3'-end processing GO:0031124 Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 induction GO:0031128 Signaling at short range between cells or tissues of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or tissue effecting a developmental change in the other. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurite development GO:0031175 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neurite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurite is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. 224 0.553715330993227 1 1.80598214285714 0.425583673112781 C02D.profile.d50 biomineral formation GO:0031214 Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of norganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation. 144 0.355959855638503 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cyclase activity GO:0031279 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity. 73 0.180451871261186 1 5.54164383561644 0.165293633534382 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cyclase activity GO:0031280 Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cyclase activity GO:0031281 Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase. 48 0.118653285212834 1 8.42791666666667 0.11201477926423 C02D.profile.d50 lymphocyte costimulation GO:0031294 The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell costimulation GO:0031295 The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cellular metabolic process GO:0031323 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. 3041 7.51718000692144 7 0.931200263071358 0.624445932566818 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cellular metabolic process GO:0031324 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. 536 1.32496168487665 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cellular metabolic process GO:0031325 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. 539 1.33237751520245 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cellular biosynthetic process GO:0031326 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. 225 0.556187274435161 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process GO:0031327 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process GO:0031328 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0031344 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0031346 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of defense response GO:0031347 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of defense response GO:0031348 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of defense response GO:0031349 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 N-terminal protein amino acid modification GO:0031365 The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein modification GO:0031399 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 keratinization GO:0031424 The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromatin assembly GO:0031497 The assembly of DNA, histone proteins, and other associated proteins into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus. 108 0.266969891728877 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromatin disassembly GO:0031498 The disassembly of chromatin from a higher order structure into its simpler subcomponents, DNA, histones, and other proteins. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heterochromatin formation GO:0031507 The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form that is often, but not always, transcriptionally silent. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 actin cytoskeleton reorganization GO:0031532 Dynamic structural changes to the assembly and arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA integrity checkpoint GO:0031570 Any cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure. 61 0.150788549957977 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G1 DNA damage checkpoint GO:0031571 A cell cycle checkpoint that arrests cell cycle progression G1 phase in response to DNA damage. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint GO:0031572 A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase in response to DNA damage. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G2/M transition checkpoint GO:0031576 Any cell cycle checkpoint that blocks entry into M phase. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 spindle checkpoint GO:0031577 A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until all chromosomes are attached to the spindle. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell-substrate adhesion GO:0031589 The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. 135 0.333712364661097 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of neurological process GO:0031644 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. 47 0.1161813417709 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein stability GO:0031647 Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein by altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to nutrient levels GO:0031667 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular response to extracellular stimulus GO:0031668 A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular response to nutrient levels GO:0031669 A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ARF protein signal transduction GO:0032011 A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of ARF protein signal transduction GO:0032012 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activation of protein kinase activity GO:0032147 Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase. 90 0.222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transposition GO:0032196 Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomolgous sites. 2 0.0049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 telomere organization and biogenesis GO:0032200 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 methylation GO:0032259 The process by which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule. 57 0.140900776190241 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Rab GTPase activity GO:0032313 Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rab family. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Ras GTPase activity GO:0032318 Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. 61 0.150788549957977 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Rho GTPase activity GO:0032319 Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rho family. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process GO:0032324 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of intracellular transport GO:0032386 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA geometric change GO:0032392 The process by which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein modification by small protein conjugation GO:0032446 A process by which one or more moieties of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target protein. 108 0.266969891728877 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Rab protein signal transduction GO:0032482 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Rab protein signal transduction GO:0032483 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Cdc42 protein signal transduction GO:0032488 A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction GO:0032489 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal process GO:0032501 The biological processes, occurring at the level of the organism, pertinent to the function of the organism. 4325 10.6911553863648 6 0.561211560693642 0.955131516099996 C02D.profile.d50 developmental process GO:0032502 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: a cell, tissue, organ, or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. 4255 10.5181193454294 4 0.380296122209166 0.992996867783963 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organism reproduction GO:0032504 The biological process by which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. 83 0.205171305680526 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 maintenance of cellular protein localization GO:0032507 The processes by which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA duplex unwinding GO:0032508 The process by which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chemokine production GO:0032602 The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interferon type I production GO:0032606 The appearance of interferon type I due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interferon-gamma production GO:0032609 The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-12 production GO:0032615 The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-2 production GO:0032623 The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-6 production GO:0032635 The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-8 production GO:0032637 The appearance of interleukin-8 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA biosynthetic process GO:0032774 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. 2591 6.40480545805112 7 1.09292937089927 0.458512484513066 C02D.profile.d50 monocarboxylic acid metabolic process GO:0032787 The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). 307 0.758886636673753 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 secretion by cell GO:0032940 The regulated release of a substance by a cell. 411 1.01596875463489 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0032943 The rapid expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. 91 0.224946853215998 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0032944 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. 62 0.153260493399911 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0032945 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation GO:0032946 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 collagen metabolic process GO:0032963 The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%). 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 macromolecular complex disassembly GO:0032984 The disaggregation of a macromolecular complex into its constituent components. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular structure morphogenesis GO:0032989 The process by which cellular structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 668 1.65125821921194 1 0.60559880239521 0.808583289533728 C02D.profile.d50 cell part morphogenesis GO:0032990 The process by which the anatomical structures of a cell part are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 296 0.731695258812478 1 1.36668918918919 0.519342877724214 C02D.profile.d50 muscle cell proliferation GO:0033002 The rapid expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tetrapyrrole metabolic process GO:0033013 The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. 30 0.0741583032580215 1 13.4846666666667 0.0715605491904371 C02D.profile.d50 tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process GO:0033014 The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 macromolecule localization GO:0033036 The processes by which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. 1070 2.64497948286943 3 1.13422429906542 0.493001019134412 C02D.profile.d50 cellular pigmentation GO:0033059 The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in an cell. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell differentiation in the thymus GO:0033077 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of intracellular protein transport GO:0033157 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of amine metabolic process GO:0033238 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. 64 0.158204380283779 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of amine metabolic process GO:0033240 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of progression through S phase GO:0033261 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of the cell cycle. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Rho protein signal transduction GO:0035023 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction. 111 0.274385722054679 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sperm-egg recognition GO:0035036 The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic heart tube development GO:0035050 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cardiac cell differentiation GO:0035051 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory cilium biogenesis GO:0035058 The assembly of a sensory cilium, a primary cilium found on sensory neurons that contains an a 9+0 axonemal arrangement of microtubules. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 establishment and/or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity GO:0035088 Polarization of a cells architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 appendage morphogenesis GO:0035107 The process by which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism. For example a limb or a branch. 76 0.187867701586988 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 limb morphogenesis GO:0035108 The process by which the anatomical structures of limb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. For example a leg, arm or some types of fin. 76 0.187867701586988 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic appendage morphogenesis GO:0035113 The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the appendage are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism. For example a limb or a branch. 73 0.180451871261186 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic forelimb morphogenesis GO:0035115 The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis GO:0035116 The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 forelimb morphogenesis GO:0035136 The process by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hindlimb morphogenesis GO:0035137 The process by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tube morphogenesis GO:0035239 The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. 100 0.247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organism growth GO:0035264 The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 endocrine system development GO:0035270 Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes. 47 0.1161813417709 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 exocrine system development GO:0035272 Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 segmentation GO:0035282 The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tube development GO:0035295 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its intial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. 152 0.375735403173975 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 growth GO:0040007 The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. 403 0.996193207099422 1 1.00382133995037 0.631172604253939 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of growth GO:0040008 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. 262 0.647649181786721 1 1.54404580152672 0.477144936972078 C02D.profile.d50 locomotion GO:0040011 Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. 112 0.276857665496613 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of locomotion GO:0040012 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. 108 0.266969891728877 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of locomotion GO:0040013 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of body size GO:0040014 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of locomotion GO:0040017 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of body size GO:0040018 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of gene expression, epigenetic GO:0040029 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chemokine biosynthetic process GO:0042033 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines, any of a subgroup of cytokines which act primarily on hemopoietic cells in acute and inflammatory processes and other immunoregulatory functions. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process GO:0042035 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines. 85 0.210115192564394 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process GO:0042036 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fluid transport GO:0042044 The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of, within or between cells. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 wound healing GO:0042060 The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. 177 0.437533989222327 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gliogenesis GO:0042063 The process by which glial cells are generated. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia. 59 0.145844663074109 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T-helper 1 type immune response GO:0042088 An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytokine biosynthetic process GO:0042089 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity. 99 0.244722400751471 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-12 biosynthetic process GO:0042090 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T-helper 2 type immune response GO:0042092 An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 2 cells, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T-helper cell differentiation GO:0042093 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-2 biosynthetic process GO:0042094 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interferon-gamma biosynthetic process GO:0042095 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell proliferation GO:0042098 The rapid expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation. 68 0.168092154051515 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 B cell proliferation GO:0042100 The rapid expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of T cell proliferation GO:0042102 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation GO:0042104 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytokine metabolic process GO:0042107 The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokines, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity. 100 0.247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process GO:0042108 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines. 58 0.143372719632175 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell activation GO:0042110 The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. 173 0.42764621545459 1 2.33838150289017 0.348303063701255 C02D.profile.d50 B cell activation GO:0042113 The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. 115 0.284273495822416 1 3.51773913043478 0.247704010878306 C02D.profile.d50 macrophage activation GO:0042116 A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell proliferation GO:0042127 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. 704 1.74024818312157 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of T cell proliferation GO:0042129 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation. 47 0.1161813417709 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of T cell proliferation GO:0042130 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurotransmitter metabolic process GO:0042133 The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. 53 0.131013002422505 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurotransmitter catabolic process GO:0042135 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurotransmitter biosynthetic process GO:0042136 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipoprotein metabolic process GO:0042157 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids. 81 0.200227418796658 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lipoprotein biosynthetic process GO:0042158 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heme metabolic process GO:0042168 The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. 28 0.0692144163741534 1 14.4478571428571 0.0669533735976265 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein catabolic process GO:0042176 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of protein catabolic process GO:0042177 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid derivative catabolic process GO:0042219 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to chemical stimulus GO:0042221 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. 603 1.49058189548623 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-6 biosynthetic process GO:0042226 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-8 biosynthetic process GO:0042228 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tissue regeneration GO:0042246 The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribosome biogenesis and assembly GO:0042254 The process of the formation of the constituents of the ribosome subunits, their assembly, and their transport to the sites of protein synthesis. 89 0.22000296633213 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ribosome assembly GO:0042255 The aggregation and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity GO:0042267 The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine nucleoside metabolic process GO:0042278 The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 molting cycle GO:0042303 The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein import into nucleus GO:0042306 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus GO:0042307 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of protein import into nucleus GO:0042308 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vasoconstriction GO:0042310 A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arteries, usually causing an increase in blood pressure. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vasodilation GO:0042311 An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of vasodilation GO:0042312 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of phosphorylation GO:0042325 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphoric groups into a molecule. 73 0.180451871261186 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of phosphorylation GO:0042326 Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphoric groups to a molecule. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of phosphorylation GO:0042327 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphoric groups to a molecule. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 taxis GO:0042330 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. 179 0.442477876106195 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus GO:0042345 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus GO:0042346 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus GO:0042347 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 NF-kappaB import into nucleus GO:0042348 The directed movement of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 L-fucose metabolic process GO:0042354 The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-fucose, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, a sugar that occurs in fucans, a class of polysaccharides in seaweeds, especially Fucus species, and in the cell wall matrix of higher plants. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 L-fucose catabolic process GO:0042355 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose). 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process GO:0042364 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 quinone cofactor metabolic process GO:0042375 The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone cofactors. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cilium biogenesis GO:0042384 The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic locomotor organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hemocyte differentiation GO:0042386 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of membrane potential GO:0042391 Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid derivative biosynthetic process GO:0042398 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. 46 0.113709398328966 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biogenic amine biosynthetic process GO:0042401 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biogenic amine catabolic process GO:0042402 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 thyroid hormone metabolic process GO:0042403 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 dopamine metabolic process GO:0042417 The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 catecholamine biosynthetic process GO:0042423 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 indole and derivative metabolic process GO:0042430 The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan) formed in degradation of tryptophan, and compounds derived from it. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 indole derivative metabolic process GO:0042434 The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from indole (2,3-benzopyrrole). 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 melanin biosynthetic process GO:0042438 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pigment metabolic process GO:0042440 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin. 58 0.143372719632175 1 6.9748275862069 0.133722702603265 C02D.profile.d50 hormone metabolic process GO:0042445 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. 95 0.234834626983735 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hormone biosynthetic process GO:0042446 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. 45 0.111237454887032 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 photoreceptor cell development GO:0042461 Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 eye photoreceptor cell development GO:0042462 Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ear morphogenesis GO:0042471 The process by which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. 45 0.111237454887032 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 inner ear morphogenesis GO:0042472 The process by which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata) GO:0042475 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Teeth are the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food. As in, but not restricted to, the vertebrates (Vertebrata, ncbi_taxonomy_id:7742). 46 0.113709398328966 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 odontogenesis GO:0042476 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). 53 0.131013002422505 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mechanoreceptor differentiation GO:0042490 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 auditory receptor cell differentiation GO:0042491 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to drug GO:0042493 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. 57 0.140900776190241 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein GO:0042503 The process of introducing a phosphoric group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein GO:0042509 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphoric group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein GO:0042516 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphoric group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein GO:0042531 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphoric group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to hydrogen peroxide GO:0042542 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuron maturation GO:0042551 A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 myelination GO:0042552 The process by which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 superoxide release GO:0042554 The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pteridine and derivative metabolic process GO:0042558 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pteridine and derivative biosynthetic process GO:0042559 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 retinol metabolic process GO:0042572 The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 retinoic acid metabolic process GO:0042573 The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 homeostatic process GO:0042592 The biological processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium. 495 1.22361200375735 1 0.817252525252525 0.706279560629199 C02D.profile.d50 glucose homeostasis GO:0042593 Any of the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of glucose within an organism or cell. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to starvation GO:0042594 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fear response GO:0042596 The response of an organism to a perceived external threat. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cholesterol homeostasis GO:0042632 Any of the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of cholesterol within an organism or cell. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hair cycle GO:0042633 The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anagen GO:0042640 The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 muscle cell differentiation GO:0042692 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. 74 0.18292381470312 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 menstrual cycle GO:0042698 The type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals, with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fibrinolysis GO:0042730 An ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic digit morphogenesis GO:0042733 The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage. For example a finger or toe. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 defense response to bacterium GO:0042742 Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. 55 0.135956889306373 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hydrogen peroxide metabolic process GO:0042743 The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hydrogen peroxide catabolic process GO:0042744 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA damage response, signal transduction GO:0042770 A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell. 90 0.222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis GO:0042771 A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the initiation of apoptosis (programmed cell death). 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ATP synthesis coupled electron transport GO:0042773 The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP. 45 0.111237454887032 1 8.98977777777778 0.105396940682304 C02D.profile.d50 organelle ATP synthesis coupled electron transport GO:0042775 The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759). 45 0.111237454887032 1 8.98977777777778 0.105396940682304 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of apoptosis GO:0042981 Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis. 785 1.94047560191823 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amyloid precursor protein metabolic process GO:0042982 The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process GO:0042987 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus GO:0042990 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transcription factor import into nucleus GO:0042991 The directed movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus GO:0042992 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus GO:0042993 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor GO:0042994 The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chordate embryonic development GO:0043009 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. 136 0.336184308103031 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 camera-type eye development GO:0043010 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell homeostasis GO:0043029 The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino acid activation GO:0043038 The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tRNA aminoacylation GO:0043039 The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peptide biosynthetic process GO:0043043 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 extracellular structure organization and biogenesis GO:0043062 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. 126 0.31146487368369 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of apoptosis GO:0043065 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis. 396 0.978889603005883 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of apoptosis GO:0043066 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis. 345 0.852820487467247 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of programmed cell death GO:0043067 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. 793 1.9602511494537 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of programmed cell death GO:0043068 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. 400 0.988777376773619 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of programmed cell death GO:0043069 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. 347 0.857764374351115 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of enzyme activity GO:0043085 Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. 318 0.786078014535027 2 2.54427672955975 0.186117268187875 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of enzyme activity GO:0043086 Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. 110 0.271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of GTPase activity GO:0043087 Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase. 114 0.281801552380482 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity GO:0043088 Any process that modulates the activity of the GTPase Cdc42. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 metabolic compound salvage GO:0043094 Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 receptor metabolic process GO:0043112 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade GO:0043122 Any process that modulates an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade. 142 0.351015968754635 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade GO:0043123 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade. 133 0.328768477777228 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade GO:0043124 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of caspase activity GO:0043154 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of caspase activity. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process GO:0043161 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 macromolecule metabolic process GO:0043170 The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, large molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. 7752 19.1625055618727 12 0.626222910216718 0.968049193763186 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of gene-specific transcription GO:0043193 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent transcription of a specific gene or genes. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein complex disassembly GO:0043241 The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of ion transport GO:0043269 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of caspase activity GO:0043280 Any process that activates or increases the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis. 60 0.148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of caspase activity GO:0043281 Any process that modulates the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biopolymer metabolic process GO:0043283 The chemical reactions and pathways involving biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature e.g. polysaccharides and proteins. 5812 14.3669352845207 8 0.556834136269787 0.97433781338871 C02D.profile.d50 biopolymer biosynthetic process GO:0043284 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature e.g. polysaccharides and proteins. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biopolymer catabolic process GO:0043285 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature e.g. polysaccharides and proteins. 396 0.978889603005883 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte degranulation GO:0043299 The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation GO:0043367 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive T cell selection GO:0043368 The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein binding GO:0043393 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of MAPK activity GO:0043405 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. 122 0.301577099915954 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of MAPK activity GO:0043406 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of MAPK activity GO:0043407 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of MAPKKK cascade GO:0043408 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade GO:0043410 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biopolymer modification GO:0043412 The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological polymer, resulting in a change in its properties. 2200 5.43827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biopolymer glycosylation GO:0043413 The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological polymer. 158 0.39056706382558 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biopolymer methylation GO:0043414 The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological polymer. 47 0.1161813417709 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of transcription factor activity GO:0043433 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 alkene metabolic process GO:0043449 The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 alkene biosynthetic process GO:0043450 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pigmentation GO:0043473 The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell. 53 0.131013002422505 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of RNA stability GO:0043487 Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of mRNA stability GO:0043488 Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of JNK activity GO:0043506 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of JNK activity GO:0043507 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of neuron apoptosis GO:0043523 Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis in neurons. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of neuron apoptosis GO:0043524 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis in neurons. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 endothelial cell migration GO:0043542 The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid acylation GO:0043543 The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid. 52 0.128541058980571 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process GO:0043545 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of kinase activity GO:0043549 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. 305 0.753942749789885 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 peroxisomal transport GO:0043574 Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. 13 0.0321352647451426 2 62.2369230769231 0.000468059001283312 C02D.profile.d50 ear development GO:0043583 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. 57 0.140900776190241 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 skin development GO:0043588 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amide metabolic process GO:0043603 The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular protein complex assembly GO:0043623 The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell. 97 0.239778513867603 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular protein complex disassembly GO:0043624 The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA polyadenylation GO:0043631 The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process GO:0043632 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule. 220 0.543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 dicarboxylic acid metabolic process GO:0043648 The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein import into mitochondrion GO:0043681 The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 post-translational protein modification GO:0043687 The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome. 1835 4.53601621594898 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal metabolic process GO:0044236 The chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular metabolic process GO:0044237 The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. 8889 21.9731052553518 17 0.773673079086511 0.882175387625103 C02D.profile.d50 primary metabolic process GO:0044238 Reactions involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. 8941 22.1016463143323 15 0.678682473996197 0.954485615451272 C02D.profile.d50 lipid digestion GO:0044241 The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular lipid catabolic process GO:0044242 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells. 58 0.143372719632175 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal catabolic process GO:0044243 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular polysaccharide catabolic process GO:0044247 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular catabolic process GO:0044248 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. 690 1.70564097493449 2 1.17257971014493 0.508774886025132 C02D.profile.d50 cellular biosynthetic process GO:0044249 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. 811 2.00474613140851 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal protein catabolic process GO:0044254 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in a multicellular organism, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular lipid metabolic process GO:0044255 The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. 723 1.78721510851832 1 0.559529737206086 0.83294425216107 C02D.profile.d50 protein digestion GO:0044256 The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular protein catabolic process GO:0044257 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells. 223 0.551243387551293 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process GO:0044259 The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, large molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular macromolecule metabolic process GO:0044260 The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, large molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells. 3884 9.60102832847184 3 0.312466529351184 0.99619357980601 C02D.profile.d50 cellular carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0044262 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. 423 1.0456320759381 1 0.956359338061466 0.648985091251242 C02D.profile.d50 cellular polysaccharide metabolic process GO:0044264 The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. 68 0.168092154051515 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular macromolecule catabolic process GO:0044265 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells. 418 1.03327235872843 1 0.967799043062201 0.644614286578519 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process GO:0044266 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular protein metabolic process GO:0044267 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes protein modification. 3821 9.44529589163 3 0.317618424496205 0.995679937176442 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal protein metabolic process GO:0044268 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nitrogen compound catabolic process GO:0044270 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. 98 0.242250457309537 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nitrogen compound biosynthetic process GO:0044271 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. 132 0.326296534335294 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sulfur compound biosynthetic process GO:0044272 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular carbohydrate catabolic process GO:0044275 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. 130 0.321352647451426 1 3.11184615384615 0.275120964760961 C02D.profile.d50 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism GO:0044403 An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is usually used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis. The smaller (micro) member is called the symbiont organism. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 entry into host GO:0044409 Penetration by an organism into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interspecies interaction between organisms GO:0044419 The processes by which an organism has an observable effect on an organism of a different species. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 maintenance of fidelity during DNA-dependent DNA replication GO:0045005 The correction of errors made during DNA replication by either intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycerolipid biosynthetic process GO:0045017 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 plasma membrane fusion GO:0045026 The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround a cell. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein import into mitochondrial inner membrane GO:0045039 The import of proteins into the mitochondria inner membrane. Inner membrane proteins are first imported into the matrix space where the matrix-targeting sequence is removed; how these proteins then are incorporated into the inner membrane is not known. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 secretory pathway GO:0045045 The pathway along which proteins and other substances are moved around and out of the cell. After synthesis on the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), completed polypeptide chains are moved to the Golgi complex and subsequently sorted to various destinations. Proteins synthesized and sorted in the secretory pathway include not only those that are secreted from the cell but also enzymes and other resident proteins in the lumen of the ER, Golgi, and lysosomes as well as integral proteins in the membranes of these organelles and the plasma membrane. 355 0.877539921886587 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein targeting to ER GO:0045047 The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulated secretory pathway GO:0045055 The regulated secretory pathway is a second secretory pathway in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand. 72 0.177979927819252 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell selection GO:0045058 The process through which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive thymic T cell selection GO:0045059 The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 thymic T cell selection GO:0045061 The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of viral genome replication GO:0045069 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process GO:0045072 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process GO:0045073 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process GO:0045075 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process GO:0045076 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process GO:0045078 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process GO:0045084 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process GO:0045086 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 innate immune response GO:0045087 Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. 97 0.239778513867603 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of innate immune response GO:0045088 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of innate immune response GO:0045089 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of bone resorption GO:0045124 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption). 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 development of primary sexual characteristics GO:0045137 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuronal ion channel clustering GO:0045161 The process by which voltage-gated sodium and potassium ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell fate commitment GO:0045165 The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. 111 0.274385722054679 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell-cell signaling during cell fate commitment GO:0045168 Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 apical protein localization GO:0045176 The processes by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of protein localization GO:0045184 The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. 937 2.3162110050922 3 1.29521878335112 0.408358958386652 C02D.profile.d50 maintenance of protein localization GO:0045185 The processes by which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 isotype switching GO:0045190 The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of isotype switching GO:0045191 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intercellular junction assembly and maintenance GO:0045216 The assembly and maintenance of junctions between cells. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte activation GO:0045321 A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. 305 0.753942749789885 1 1.3263606557377 0.529931166251457 C02D.profile.d50 cellular respiration GO:0045333 The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration). 55 0.135956889306373 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interferon type I biosynthetic process GO:0045351 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon type I. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process GO:0045408 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process GO:0045410 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process GO:0045414 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process GO:0045416 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 quinone cofactor biosynthetic process GO:0045426 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any quinone cofactor, such as menaquinone (vitamin K2), ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) or phylloquinone (vitamin K1). 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0045428 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fat cell differentiation GO:0045444 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 myoblast differentiation GO:0045445 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a cell type that gives rise to mature contractile cells called myocytes. Fusion of myoblasts gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. 55 0.135956889306373 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 endothelial cell differentiation GO:0045446 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transcription GO:0045449 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA. 2702 6.6791911801058 7 1.0480310880829 0.501611670872107 C02D.profile.d50 bone resorption GO:0045453 The physiologic processes by which bone tissue is lost. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell redox homeostasis GO:0045454 The processes that maintain the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell. 60 0.148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mast cell activation GO:0045576 The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of B cell differentiation GO:0045577 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of T cell differentiation GO:0045580 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of T cell differentiation GO:0045582 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell differentiation GO:0045595 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. 233 0.575962821970633 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell differentiation GO:0045596 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. 90 0.222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell differentiation GO:0045597 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. 81 0.200227418796658 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of epidermal cell differentiation GO:0045604 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of lymphocyte differentiation GO:0045619 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation GO:0045621 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of T-helper cell differentiation GO:0045622 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of myeloid cell differentiation GO:0045637 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. 74 0.18292381470312 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation GO:0045638 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation GO:0045639 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of erythrocyte differentiation GO:0045646 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation GO:0045648 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of myoblast differentiation GO:0045661 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of neuron differentiation GO:0045664 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of neuron differentiation GO:0045665 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of osteoblast differentiation GO:0045667 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of osteoclast differentiation GO:0045670 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation GO:0045671 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of epidermis development GO:0045682 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process GO:0045727 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA. 69 0.170564097493449 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity GO:0045736 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of adenylate cyclase activity GO:0045761 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. 72 0.177979927819252 1 5.61861111111111 0.163225173489614 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity GO:0045762 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. 48 0.118653285212834 1 8.42791666666667 0.11201477926423 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of amino acid metabolic process GO:0045764 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045765 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. 68 0.168092154051515 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766 Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of anti-apoptosis GO:0045767 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of anti-apoptosis GO:0045768 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of ossification GO:0045778 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell adhesion GO:0045785 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of progression through cell cycle GO:0045786 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. 347 0.857764374351115 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of progression through cell cycle GO:0045787 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell size GO:0045792 Any process that reduces cell size. 68 0.168092154051515 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell size GO:0045793 Any process that increases cell size. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of endocytosis GO:0045807 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic GO:0045814 Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic GO:0045815 Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of isotype switching GO:0045830 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of lipid metabolic process GO:0045834 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of mitosis GO:0045840 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of striated muscle development GO:0045843 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pH reduction GO:0045851 Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein kinase activity GO:0045859 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. 300 0.741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of protein kinase activity GO:0045860 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. 172 0.425174272012656 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of survival gene product activity GO:0045884 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product activity; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of survival gene product activity GO:0045885 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product activity; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GO:0045892 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription. 292 0.721807485044742 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GO:0045893 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription. 368 0.90967518663173 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly GO:0045898 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcriptional preinitiation complex assebly. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0045913 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of growth GO:0045926 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. 83 0.205171305680526 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of growth GO:0045927 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. 27 0.0667424729322193 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GO:0045930 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of muscle contraction GO:0045933 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0045934 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 478 1.18158896524448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0045935 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. 450 1.11237454887032 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process GO:0045936 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process GO:0045937 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of transcription GO:0045941 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. 439 1.08518317100905 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0045944 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter. 226 0.558659217877095 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of translational initiation GO:0045947 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process GO:0045980 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of embryonic development GO:0045995 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of activated T cell proliferation GO:0046006 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ATP metabolic process GO:0046034 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. 72 0.177979927819252 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 CTP metabolic process GO:0046036 The chemical reactions and pathways involving CTP, cytidine triphosphate. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 GTP metabolic process GO:0046039 The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 UTP metabolic process GO:0046051 The chemical reactions and pathways involving UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cAMP metabolic process GO:0046058 The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cGMP metabolic process GO:0046068 The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleobase biosynthetic process GO:0046112 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process GO:0046125 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 purine ribonucleoside metabolic process GO:0046128 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process GO:0046146 The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pigment biosynthetic process GO:0046148 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 alcohol catabolic process GO:0046164 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. 106 0.262026004845009 1 3.81641509433962 0.230758562852774 C02D.profile.d50 alcohol biosynthetic process GO:0046165 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nitric oxide metabolic process GO:0046209 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of JNK cascade GO:0046328 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of JNK cascade GO:0046330 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 diacylglycerol metabolic process GO:0046339 The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues. DAG is a normal intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl phospholipids and is released from them by phospholipase C activity. DAG from phosphatidyl inositol polyphosphates is important in signal transduction. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 amino sugar catabolic process GO:0046348 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 acetyl-CoA catabolic process GO:0046356 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 monosaccharide biosynthetic process GO:0046364 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 monosaccharide catabolic process GO:0046365 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. 103 0.254610174519207 1 3.92757281553398 0.225025679531416 C02D.profile.d50 carboxylic acid biosynthetic process GO:0046394 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. 100 0.247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 carboxylic acid catabolic process GO:0046395 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of JAK-STAT cascade GO:0046425 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade GO:0046427 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 icosanoid biosynthetic process GO:0046456 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 prostanoid biosynthetic process GO:0046457 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neutral lipid biosynthetic process GO:0046460 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 acylglycerol biosynthetic process GO:0046463 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 membrane lipid catabolic process GO:0046466 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 membrane lipid biosynthetic process GO:0046467 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane. 90 0.222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphatidylcholine metabolic process GO:0046470 The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process GO:0046474 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heterocycle metabolic process GO:0046483 The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). 102 0.252138231077273 1 3.96607843137255 0.22310523962343 C02D.profile.d50 glycerolipid metabolic process GO:0046486 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphatidylinositol metabolic process GO:0046488 The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphoinositide biosynthetic process GO:0046489 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoinositides, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of inositol. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 glycerol ether biosynthetic process GO:0046504 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ceramide biosynthetic process GO:0046513 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sphingoid metabolic process GO:0046519 The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sphingoid biosynthetic process GO:0046520 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 photoreceptor cell differentiation GO:0046530 The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 development of primary female sexual characteristics GO:0046545 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. 47 0.1161813417709 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 development of primary male sexual characteristics GO:0046546 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of Ras protein signal transduction GO:0046578 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. 202 0.499332575270678 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 alpha-beta T cell activation GO:0046631 The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 alpha-beta T cell differentiation GO:0046632 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 alpha-beta T cell proliferation GO:0046633 The rapid expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation GO:0046634 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 lymphocyte activation GO:0046649 A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. 269 0.664952785880259 1 1.50386617100372 0.48612539664466 C02D.profile.d50 lymphocyte proliferation GO:0046651 The rapid expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division. 91 0.224946853215998 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 female sex differentiation GO:0046660 The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation. 47 0.1161813417709 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 male sex differentiation GO:0046661 The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 entry of virus into host cell GO:0046718 The process by which a virion enters a host cell, including virion attachment and penetration. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein amino acid autophosphorylation GO:0046777 The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. 64 0.158204380283779 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport GO:0046822 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport GO:0046823 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport GO:0046824 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phospholipid dephosphorylation GO:0046839 The process of removing one or more phosphoric groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 filopodium formation GO:0046847 The assembly of a filopodium, a very long microspike extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or by the growth cone of a developing nerve cell axon. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 bone remodeling GO:0046849 The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. 155 0.383151233499778 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of bone remodeling GO:0046850 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of bone remodeling GO:0046851 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of bone remodeling GO:0046852 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hormone secretion GO:0046879 The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of hormone secretion GO:0046883 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell or group of cells. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of lipid biosynthetic process GO:0046890 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 secretion GO:0046903 The regulated release of a substance by a cell, a group of cells, or a tissue. 465 1.14945370049933 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intracellular transport GO:0046907 The directed movement of substances within a cell. 982 2.42744845997924 4 1.64782077393075 0.226884256293526 C02D.profile.d50 transition metal ion homeostasis GO:0046916 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of transition metal ions within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver. 55 0.135956889306373 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of neurotransmitter secretion GO:0046928 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell or group of cells. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 carboxylic acid transport GO:0046942 The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of, within or between cells. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). 97 0.239778513867603 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen GO:0048002 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein. 72 0.177979927819252 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway GO:0048009 The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin-like growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 phosphoinositide-mediated signaling GO:0048015 A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphoinositide to convert an extracellular signal into a response. 124 0.306520986799822 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 focal adhesion formation GO:0048041 Establishment and maturation of focal adhesions, complexes of intracellular signaling and structural proteins which provide a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pigmentation during development GO:0048066 The deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring during development. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 fibroblast proliferation GO:0048144 The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the rapid expansion of the fibroblast population. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of fibroblast proliferation GO:0048145 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of synaptic plasticity GO:0048167 A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity GO:0048168 A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 Golgi vesicle transport GO:0048193 The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. 183 0.452365649873931 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 male gamete generation GO:0048232 Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and involved in sexual reproduction. 225 0.556187274435161 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis GO:0048259 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to pain GO:0048265 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gastrulation (sensu Vertebrata) GO:0048276 The process of gastrulation, as in, but not restricted to, the vertebrates (Vertebrata, ncbi_taxonomy_id:7742). 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 vesicle docking GO:0048278 The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere. 23 0.0568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organelle fusion GO:0048284 The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organelle fission GO:0048285 The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 immunoglobulin secretion GO:0048305 The regulated release of immunoglobulins from a B cell or plasma cell, whose mechanism includes the use of alternate polyadenylylation signals to favor the biosynthesis of secreted forms of immunoglobulin over membrane-bound immunoglobulin. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mesoderm morphogenesis GO:0048332 The process by which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mesodermal cell differentiation GO:0048333 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 paraxial mesoderm development GO:0048339 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell development GO:0048468 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. 1692 4.18252830375241 1 0.239089834515366 0.984818934605742 C02D.profile.d50 cell maturation GO:0048469 A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. 94 0.232362683541801 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oogenesis GO:0048477 The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 synaptic vesicle transport GO:0048489 The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bound vesicles within the neuron along the cytoskeleton either toward or away from the neuronal cell body. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 rhythmic process GO:0048511 Those processes pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. 94 0.232362683541801 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organ development GO:0048513 Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 1733 4.28387798487171 2 0.466866705135603 0.927379942190839 C02D.profile.d50 blood vessel morphogenesis GO:0048514 The process by which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. 248 0.613041973599644 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 spermatid differentiation GO:0048515 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a spermatid cell. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of biological process GO:0048518 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. 1501 3.71038710634301 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of biological process GO:0048519 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. 1697 4.19488802096208 1 0.23838538597525 0.985005642931531 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cellular process GO:0048522 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular processes, those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. 1371 3.38903445889158 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cellular process GO:0048523 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular processes, those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. 1642 4.05893113165571 1 0.246370280146163 0.982819085588301 C02D.profile.d50 hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development GO:0048534 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hemopoiesis or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. 323 0.798437731744698 1 1.25244582043344 0.550413140314926 C02D.profile.d50 lymph node development GO:0048535 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 thymus development GO:0048538 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 digestive tract morphogenesis GO:0048546 The process by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the tube extending from the mouth to the anus, including the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gut morphogenesis GO:0048547 The process by which the anatomical structures of the gut are generated and organized. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic organ morphogenesis GO:0048562 Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 gut development GO:0048565 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ectodermal gut morphogenesis GO:0048567 The process by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The ectodermal gut includes those portions of the gut that are derived from ectoderm. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic organ development GO:0048568 Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of response to stimulus GO:0048583 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 developmental growth GO:0048589 The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. 46 0.113709398328966 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 eye morphogenesis GO:0048592 The process by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic morphogenesis GO:0048598 The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. 161 0.397982894151382 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oocyte development GO:0048599 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 reproductive structure development GO:0048608 The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 reproductive process in a multicellular organism GO:0048609 The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of an organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. 83 0.205171305680526 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 myoblast development GO:0048627 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 myoblast maturation GO:0048628 A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 skeletal muscle development GO:0048637 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 85 0.210115192564394 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 muscle morphogenesis GO:0048644 The process by which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anatomical structure formation GO:0048646 The process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. 265 0.655065012112523 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048659 The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the rapid expansion of a cell population. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048660 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuron fate commitment GO:0048663 The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuron development GO:0048666 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. 270 0.667424729322193 1 1.4982962962963 0.487395665600401 C02D.profile.d50 neuron morphogenesis during differentiation GO:0048667 The process by which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. 195 0.482028971177139 1 2.0745641025641 0.382839234464455 C02D.profile.d50 axon extension GO:0048675 Long distance growth of a single process. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 generation of neurons GO:0048699 The process by which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. 380 0.939338507934939 1 1.06457894736842 0.609567984386412 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic skeletal morphogenesis GO:0048704 The process by which the anatomical structures of skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 skeletal morphogenesis GO:0048705 The process by which the anatomical structures of skeleton are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 embryonic skeletal development GO:0048706 The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 astrocyte differentiation GO:0048708 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 oligodendrocyte differentiation GO:0048709 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tissue morphogenesis GO:0048729 The process by which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 66 0.163148267167647 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 epidermis morphogenesis GO:0048730 The process by which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. 31 0.0766302466999555 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 system development GO:0048731 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. 2362 5.83873040984822 2 0.342540220152413 0.980183557414071 C02D.profile.d50 gland development GO:0048732 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. 81 0.200227418796658 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 appendage development GO:0048736 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism. For example a limb or a branch. 76 0.187867701586988 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 skeletal muscle fiber development GO:0048741 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 muscle fiber development GO:0048747 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 79 0.19528353191279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 branching morphogenesis of a tube GO:0048754 The process by which the anatomical structures of branches in a tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. 65 0.160676323725713 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 mesenchymal cell differentiation GO:0048762 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 tissue remodeling GO:0048771 The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling. 161 0.397982894151382 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 genitalia development GO:0048806 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurite morphogenesis GO:0048812 The process by which the anatomical structures of neurites are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A neurite is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites. 195 0.482028971177139 1 2.0745641025641 0.382839234464455 C02D.profile.d50 dendrite morphogenesis GO:0048813 The process by which the anatomical structures of dendrite are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 hair follicle maturation GO:0048820 A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 inner ear development GO:0048839 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. 53 0.131013002422505 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 anatomical structure development GO:0048856 The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. 2828 6.99065605378949 3 0.429144271570014 0.9702930412946 C02D.profile.d50 cell projection morphogenesis GO:0048858 The process by which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. 296 0.731695258812478 1 1.36668918918919 0.519342877724214 C02D.profile.d50 cellular developmental process GO:0048869 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. 2359 5.83131457952242 2 0.342975837219161 0.980057529171377 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal homeostasis GO:0048871 The processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium at the level of the multicellular organism. 29 0.0716863598160874 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 homeostasis of number of cells GO:0048872 The biological processes involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium of cell number within a population of cells. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chemical homeostasis GO:0048878 The biological processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of a chemical. 323 0.798437731744698 1 1.25244582043344 0.550413140314926 C02D.profile.d50 chromosome localization GO:0050000 The processes by which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 beta-amyloid metabolic process GO:0050435 The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP). 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process GO:0050650 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process GO:0050654 The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nucleic acid transport GO:0050657 The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of, within or between cells. 86 0.212587136006328 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 RNA transport GO:0050658 The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of, within or between cells. 86 0.212587136006328 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytokine secretion GO:0050663 The regulated release of cytokines from a cell or group of cells. Cytokines are any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of lymphocyte proliferation GO:0050670 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation. 62 0.153260493399911 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation GO:0050671 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation GO:0050672 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050673 The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the rapid expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050678 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050679 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of mRNA processing GO:0050684 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-1 secretion GO:0050701 The regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell or group of cells. Interleukin 1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages; it stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing interleukin 2 release and it is involved in the inflammatory response. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interleukin-1 beta secretion GO:0050702 The regulated release of interleukin 1 beta from a cell or group of cells. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of interleukin-1 secretion GO:0050704 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell or group of cells. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion GO:0050706 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell or group of cells. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cytokine secretion GO:0050707 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell or group of cells. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein secretion GO:0050708 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a protein from a cell or group of cells. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of protein secretion GO:0050714 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a protein from a cell or group of cells. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cytokine secretion GO:0050715 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell or group of cells. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of interleukin-1 secretion GO:0050716 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell or group of cells. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion GO:0050718 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell or group of cells. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050727 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050728 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0050730 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. 53 0.131013002422505 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0050731 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chemokine metabolic process GO:0050755 The chemical reactions and pathways involving chemokines, any of a subgroup of cytokines which act primarily on hemopoietic cells in acute and inflammatory processes and other immunoregulatory functions. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of phagocytosis GO:0050764 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process whereby phagocytes engulf external particulate material. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of phagocytosis GO:0050766 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of neurogenesis GO:0050767 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of neurogenesis GO:0050768 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of neurogenesis GO:0050769 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of axonogenesis GO:0050770 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of axonogenesis GO:0050771 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of axonogenesis GO:0050772 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of immune response GO:0050776 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. 134 0.331240421219163 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of immune response GO:0050777 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of immune response GO:0050778 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. 109 0.269441835170811 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of biological process GO:0050789 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. 5630 13.9170415780887 11 0.790397868561279 0.81908366955919 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of catalytic activity GO:0050790 Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. 602 1.4881099520443 2 1.34398671096346 0.438390143843921 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of viral life cycle GO:0050792 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of developmental process GO:0050793 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). 363 0.89731546942206 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cellular process GO:0050794 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular processes, those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. 5188 12.8244425767538 9 0.701784888203547 0.892230414625505 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of insulin secretion GO:0050796 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activated T cell proliferation GO:0050798 The rapid expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 ion homeostasis GO:0050801 Any of the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of ions within an organism or cell. 272 0.672368616206061 1 1.48727941176471 0.489926791174822 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of synaptic transmission GO:0050804 Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 synapse organization and biogenesis GO:0050808 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 coagulation GO:0050817 The process by which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. 145 0.358431799080437 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of coagulation GO:0050818 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process by which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of coagulation GO:0050819 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein stabilization GO:0050821 The processes involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium GO:0050830 Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 defense response to fungus GO:0050832 Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of calcium-mediated signaling GO:0050848 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process by which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling GO:0050850 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway GO:0050851 A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell. 48 0.118653285212834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 T cell receptor signaling pathway GO:0050852 A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 B cell receptor signaling pathway GO:0050853 A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. 7 0.0173036040935383 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway GO:0050854 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway GO:0050856 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of T cell activation GO:0050863 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. 90 0.222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of B cell activation GO:0050864 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell activation GO:0050865 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. 117 0.289217382706284 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of T cell activation GO:0050868 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. 22 0.0543827557225491 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of B cell activation GO:0050869 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of T cell activation GO:0050870 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. 65 0.160676323725713 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of B cell activation GO:0050871 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neurological process GO:0050877 The processes pertaining to the functions of the nervous system of an organism. 935 2.31126711820834 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of body fluids GO:0050878 Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. 175 0.432590102338459 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multicellular organismal movement GO:0050879 Physiological processes involved in the relocation of an organism or an anatomical part of an organism. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of blood vessel size GO:0050880 Any process that modulates the size of blood vessels. 43 0.106293568003164 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 musculoskeletal movement GO:0050881 The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of balance GO:0050885 The processes that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 endocrine process GO:0050886 The hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph. These products have specific effects on other organs. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intestinal absorption GO:0050892 The processes by which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to stimulus GO:0050896 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. 2860 7.06975824393138 2 0.282895104895105 0.993182200631797 C02D.profile.d50 leukocyte migration GO:0050900 The movement of leukocytes within or between different tissues and organs of the body. 39 0.0964057942354279 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuromuscular process GO:0050905 The processes pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of stimulus during sensory perception GO:0050906 The series of events during sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of light stimulus during visual perception GO:0050908 The series of events during visual perception in which a sensory light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory perception of taste GO:0050909 The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of chemotaxis GO:0050920 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 pigment cell differentiation GO:0050931 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory perception of light stimulus GO:0050953 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. 237 0.58585059573837 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sensory perception of mechanical stimulus GO:0050954 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. 191 0.472141197409403 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of light stimulus during sensory perception GO:0050962 The series of events in which a sensory light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 barbed-end actin filament capping GO:0051016 The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. 42 0.10382162456123 1 9.63190476190476 0.0987297816990099 C02D.profile.d50 actin filament bundle formation GO:0051017 The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. 28 0.0692144163741534 1 14.4478571428571 0.0669533735976265 C02D.profile.d50 mRNA transport GO:0051028 The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells. 77 0.190339645028922 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of secretion GO:0051046 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a substance from a cell or group of cells. 72 0.177979927819252 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of secretion GO:0051047 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a substance from a cell or group of cells. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of secretion GO:0051048 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a substance from a cell or group of cells. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transport GO:0051049 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells. 136 0.336184308103031 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of transport GO:0051050 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells. 44 0.108765511445098 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of transport GO:0051051 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells. 33 0.0815741335838236 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of DNA metabolic process GO:0051052 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. 80 0.197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of DNA metabolic process GO:0051053 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of DNA metabolic process GO:0051054 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction GO:0051056 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. 260 0.642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction GO:0051057 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction GO:0051058 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 posttranslational protein folding GO:0051084 The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chaperone cofactor-dependent protein folding GO:0051085 The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of posttranslational proteins and is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transcription factor activity GO:0051090 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. 63 0.155732436841845 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of transcription factor activity GO:0051091 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. 38 0.0939338507934939 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor GO:0051092 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of developmental process GO:0051093 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). 110 0.271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of developmental process GO:0051094 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). 109 0.269441835170811 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of binding GO:0051098 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. 41 0.101349681119296 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of binding GO:0051099 Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of DNA binding GO:0051101 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding, selective interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly GO:0051123 The aggregation and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0051128 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the processes involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. 119 0.294161269590152 1 3.39949579831933 0.255115007402593 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell organization and biogenesis GO:0051129 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the processes involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. 77 0.190339645028922 1 5.25376623376623 0.173516468788228 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell organization and biogenesis GO:0051130 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the processes involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 smooth muscle cell differentiation GO:0051145 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 striated muscle cell differentiation GO:0051146 The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. 26 0.0642705294902853 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nuclear export GO:0051168 The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus. 67 0.165620210609581 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 nuclear transport GO:0051169 The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus. 222 0.548771444109359 1 1.82225225225225 0.422733259034578 C02D.profile.d50 nuclear import GO:0051170 The directed movement of substances into the nucleus. 159 0.393039007267514 1 2.54427672955975 0.325325950527263 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of phosphorus metabolic process GO:0051174 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. 80 0.197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 localization GO:0051179 The processes by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in a specific location. 3683 9.1041676966431 8 0.878718436057562 0.688458649880096 C02D.profile.d50 vitamin transport GO:0051180 The directed movement of vitamins into, out of, within or between cells. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cofactor transport GO:0051181 The directed movement of a cofactor into, out of, within or between cells. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cofactor metabolic process GO:0051186 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate. 247 0.61057003015771 2 3.27562753036437 0.12523390779233 C02D.profile.d50 cofactor catabolic process GO:0051187 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. 47 0.1161813417709 1 8.60723404255319 0.109814290537621 C02D.profile.d50 cofactor biosynthetic process GO:0051188 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. 134 0.331240421219163 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein insertion into membrane GO:0051205 The process by which a protein is incorporated into a biological membrane. 11 0.0271913778612745 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sequestering of calcium ion GO:0051208 The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cartilage development GO:0051216 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. 49 0.121125228654768 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytoplasmic sequestering of protein GO:0051220 The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell. 13 0.0321352647451426 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of protein transport GO:0051222 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein transport GO:0051223 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of protein transport GO:0051224 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of localization GO:0051234 The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location. 3109 7.68527216097296 8 1.04095207462206 0.502437474484043 C02D.profile.d50 maintenance of localization GO:0051235 The processes by which a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. 56 0.138428832748307 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of RNA localization GO:0051236 The directed movement of RNA to a specific location. 86 0.212587136006328 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sequestering of metal ion GO:0051238 The process of binding or confining metal ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. 19 0.0469669253967469 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of multicellular organismal process GO:0051239 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. 405 1.00113709398329 1 0.998864197530864 0.632993791456762 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of multicellular organismal process GO:0051240 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. 135 0.333712364661097 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of multicellular organismal process GO:0051241 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. 46 0.113709398328966 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of protein metabolic process GO:0051246 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. 398 0.983833489889751 1 1.01643216080402 0.626580000166261 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of protein metabolic process GO:0051247 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. 106 0.262026004845009 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of protein metabolic process GO:0051248 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. 139 0.343600138428833 1 2.91035971223022 0.291089163330703 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of lymphocyte activation GO:0051249 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. 114 0.281801552380482 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of lymphocyte activation GO:0051250 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. 34 0.0840460770257577 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of lymphocyte activation GO:0051251 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. 78 0.192811588470856 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of RNA metabolic process GO:0051252 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein polymerization GO:0051258 The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. 82 0.202699362238592 1 4.93341463414634 0.183681193884718 C02D.profile.d50 protein oligomerization GO:0051259 The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. 77 0.190339645028922 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein homooligomerization GO:0051260 The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. 35 0.0865180204676917 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein depolymerization GO:0051261 The process by which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. 72 0.177979927819252 1 5.61861111111111 0.163225173489614 C02D.profile.d50 protein tetramerization GO:0051262 The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits. 28 0.0692144163741534 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell motility GO:0051270 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cell. 104 0.257082117961141 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of cell motility GO:0051271 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cell. 37 0.0914619073515598 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of cell motility GO:0051272 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cell. 25 0.0617985860483512 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 chromosome organization and biogenesis GO:0051276 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. 493 1.21866811687349 1 0.820567951318458 0.704822037859999 C02D.profile.d50 protein homotetramerization GO:0051289 The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits. 10 0.0247194344193405 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein heterooligomerization GO:0051291 The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of nonidentical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. 14 0.0346072081870767 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 centrosome organization and biogenesis GO:0051297 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 centrosome duplication GO:0051298 The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. 5 0.0123597172096702 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cell division GO:0051301 The processes resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. 297 0.734167202254412 1 1.36208754208754 0.520531034945442 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of chromosome localization GO:0051303 The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location. 8 0.0197755475354724 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G1 phase GO:0051318 Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis. 40 0.098877737677362 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 G2 phase GO:0051319 Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis). 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 S phase GO:0051320 Progression through S phase, the part of the cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 meiotic cell cycle GO:0051321 Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell. 98 0.242250457309537 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 prophase GO:0051324 Progression through prophase, the first stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. 6 0.0148316606516043 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interphase GO:0051325 Progression through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs. 138 0.341128194986899 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 M phase of meiotic cell cycle GO:0051327 Progression through M phase, the part of the meiotic cell cycle during which meiosis and cytokinesis take place. 97 0.239778513867603 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 interphase of mitotic cell cycle GO:0051329 Progression through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of mitosis. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs. 134 0.331240421219163 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of hydrolase activity GO:0051336 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. 230 0.568546991644831 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transferase activity GO:0051338 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. 306 0.756414693231819 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of lyase activity GO:0051339 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. 73 0.180451871261186 1 5.54164383561644 0.165293633534382 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of oxidoreductase activity GO:0051341 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of hydrolase activity GO:0051345 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. 102 0.252138231077273 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of transferase activity GO:0051347 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. 175 0.432590102338459 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of transferase activity GO:0051348 Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. 75 0.185395758145054 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 positive regulation of lyase activity GO:0051349 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. 48 0.118653285212834 1 8.42791666666667 0.11201477926423 C02D.profile.d50 negative regulation of lyase activity GO:0051350 Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. 24 0.0593266426064172 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 neuron apoptosis GO:0051402 The process of apoptosis in neurons, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular pH reduction GO:0051452 Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cellular pH GO:0051453 Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cytosolic calcium ion homeostasis GO:0051480 The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings. 89 0.22000296633213 1 4.54539325842697 0.19770213130442 C02D.profile.d50 proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process GO:0051603 The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein during the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein. 222 0.548771444109359 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein maturation GO:0051604 The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein maturation via proteolysis GO:0051605 The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein during protein maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. 16 0.0395510950709448 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 detection of stimulus GO:0051606 The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. 73 0.180451871261186 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 defense response to virus GO:0051607 Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism. 17 0.0420230385128788 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 organelle localization GO:0051640 The processes by which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. 63 0.155732436841845 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular localization GO:0051641 The processes by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. 1214 3.00093933850794 4 1.33291598023064 0.352978708568708 C02D.profile.d50 vesicle localization GO:0051648 The processes by which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. 32 0.0791021901418896 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of cellular localization GO:0051649 The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell. 1183 2.92430909180798 4 1.36784446322908 0.335794552933201 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of vesicle localization GO:0051650 The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 maintenance of cellular localization GO:0051651 The processes by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. 36 0.0889899639096258 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 establishment of organelle localization GO:0051656 The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. 55 0.135956889306373 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 localization within membrane GO:0051668 The processes by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 localization of cell GO:0051674 The processes by which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. 622 1.53754882088298 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 actin filament capping GO:0051693 The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. 42 0.10382162456123 1 9.63190476190476 0.0987297816990099 C02D.profile.d50 interaction with host GO:0051701 An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism. 30 0.0741583032580215 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 multi-organism process GO:0051704 The processes by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. 368 0.90967518663173 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 behavioral interaction between organisms GO:0051705 The processes by which an organism has an observable behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 response to other organism GO:0051707 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. 189 0.467197310525535 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 cellular response to stimulus GO:0051716 A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. 15 0.0370791516290107 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of cell cycle GO:0051726 A cell cycle process that modulates the rate, extent or mode of the cell cycle. 880 2.17531022890196 1 0.459704545454545 0.886732532693181 C02D.profile.d50 response to protein stimulus GO:0051789 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein stimulus. 83 0.205171305680526 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 entry into cell of other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0051806 The invasion by an organism of a cell of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0051828 Penetration by an organism into the body, tissues, or cells of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential GO:0051881 Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 sulfation GO:0051923 The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule. 9 0.0222474909774064 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of calcium ion transport GO:0051924 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of, within or between cells. 12 0.0296633213032086 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of transmission of nerve impulse GO:0051969 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. 42 0.10382162456123 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 movement in host environment GO:0052126 The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 movement in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0052192 The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. 18 0.0444949819548129 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 muscle cell development GO:0055001 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 striated muscle cell development GO:0055002 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. 21 0.051910812280615 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 heart contraction GO:0060047 The multicellular organismal process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. 76 0.187867701586988 1 5.3228947368421 0.171468385497323 C02D.profile.d50 inner ear receptor cell differenation GO:0060113 The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound. 20 0.049438868838681 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 intracellular protein transport across a membrane GO:0065002 The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another. 40 0.098877737677362 1 10.1135 0.094257427418219 C02D.profile.d50 macromolecular complex assembly GO:0065003 The aggregation and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a complex. 740 1.8292381470312 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 protein-DNA complex assembly GO:0065004 The aggregation and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex. 161 0.397982894151382 0 0 1 C02D.profile.d50 biological regulation GO:0065007 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function. 6089 15.0516636179364 12 0.797254064706848 0.818977022097448 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of biological quality GO:0065008 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. 832 2.05665694368913 1 0.486225961538462 0.872444422877931 C02D.profile.d50 regulation of a molecular function GO:0065009 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of molecular functions. Molecular functions are elemental biological activities occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. 636 1.57215602907005 2 1.27213836477987 0.466258909272419 C02D.profile.d50